1.改变词类Conversion。
英语一个词能充当的句子成分较少，充当不同成分时常常要改变词类。Insulinisusedinthetreatmentofdiabetes.Thisissueisofparamountimportance.Rationingbypointsisoverandrationingbythepurseisin.Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas″Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea″.1990.1
2.选词用字Diction。
BeforeHugocouldprotestheandtheotherswereledaway.(抗议-分辩)Putateaspoonfulofteainthepotandthenyoujustaddtheboilingwatertoitandletitstand.(稍等片刻再喝)It"sacrimeyoudidn"tfinishschool.(憾事)
3.词序调整Inversion。
一个句子中词和分句的顺序，英汉两种语言往往不同。如表示时间和地点，英语常常是先小后大，而汉语是先大后小。Hisaddressis3612MarketStreetPhiladelphiaPA19001USA.Don"thesitatetocomewhenyouneedhelp.blackandwhiteTVironandsteelcompany
4.省略Omission。
Youcannotbuildashipabridgeorahouseifyoudon"tknowhowtomakeadesignorhowtoreadit.Ittookhimalongtimetoreachthebottomandtocouchbehindalittledwarfpalm.
5.增词Amplification。
英语中没有量词，助词，翻译时应根据上下文的需要予以增加。有些英语的不及物动词必须增加宾语意思才完整。IcouldknitwhenIwasseven.Withoutasenseofyourfaulthowcanrepentanceandamendmentbeexpected﹖如果WalkingpasttheGardenofEdenAdam"ssonaskedhisfather″Whoownsthatlargeestate﹖″″That"swhereyourmotherandIusedtolive″repliedAdam″beforesheateusoutofhouseandhome.″
6.重复Repetition。
Practicallyeveryriverhasanupperamiddleandalowerpart.上游，中游，下游Ifanatomcontainsthreeprotonsitmusthavethreeelectronstobeelectricallyneutral.
7.正译反译法Negation.
TheOrganizationhasnotsofarjustifiedthehopeswhichthepeoplesetonit.(辜负)Suddenlyheheardasoundbehindhimandrealizedhewasnotaloneinthegarage.(还有别人)IfapatientatBethIsraelisnotrespondingtotreatmentitisnotuncommonforhisnursetoproposeanotherapproachtohisdoctor.1993.1
8.分译法Division。
英语长句多，为了符合汉语表达习惯，可将英语长句拆成短句。Itwasarealchallengethatthosewhohadlearnedfromusnowexcelledus.Ithasbeenrightlystatedthatthissituationisathreattointernationalsecurity.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashiontheyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.1993.6
9.常见短语和重要句型的翻译
1)Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…不言而喻的是……
2)Itiscommonknowledgethat…众所周知的是……
3)Itoccurstomethat…我突然想起
4)Itisnotthat...butthat…并不是说……而是说
10.某些含蓄否定的翻译
Plantswhichrefinecrudeoresareoftenlocatedincountriesotherthanthoseinwhichthecrudeoresaremined.提炼矿石的工厂通常不是设在开采矿石的国家，而是设在其它国家。
1)more...than...与其说……不如说……Sheismorelikehismotherthanlikehisteacher.
2)nomore...than...和……一样都不Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutakeanymorethantheycanlimithowmuchwateryoudrink.他们没有理由限制你服用多少维生素，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。
3)not...all...allis...not...并不是……都……Allthatglittersisnotgold.Bothofthebooksarenothelpful.Everyonedoesn"twanttogototheconcert.
4)cannot...too...无论……也不过分Wecan"tpraisehimtoomuch.
5)muchlessstilllesstosaynothingofnottomentionletalone更不用说Heknowslittleofmathematicsandstilllessofchemistry.InoldChinatherewashardlyanymachine-buildingindustrytosaynothingofanelectronicindustry.Alltheyhavetodoistopressabuttonandtheycanseeplaysfilmsoperasandshowsofeverykindnottomentionpoliticaldiscussionsandthelatestexcitingfootballmatch.