今年美国签证形势整体开始发生转变，敏感专业的审查周期从以前的长达两个月缩短到2~3周，且因专业审查而遭遇申请失败的人数极少。但是，如果申请者所学的专业属于敏感专业，为了能按时到达学校，一定要提早向所在辖区的大使馆或者领事馆申请签证。
美国留学 敏感专业详细列表
The State Department maintains a Technical Alert List, alsoknownas the sensitive major list, to guide their evaluation ofvisasubmission.
Sorted by rate.
CRITICAL FIELDS LIST
A. CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS: Technologies associated with:
—— Warheads and other large caliber projectiles
—— Reactive armor and warhead defeat systems
—— Fusing and arming systems.
—— Electronic countermeasures and systems
—— New or novel explosives and formulations
—— Automated explosive detection methods and equipment
B. NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY: Technologies associated with
production and use of nuclear material for both peacefulandmilitary applications. Included are technologies for:
—— Enrichment of fissile material
—— Reprocessing irradiated nuclear fuel to recover produced
plutonium
—— Production of heavy water for moderator material
—— Plutonium and tritium handling
Also, certain associated technologies related to nuclearphysicsand/or nuclear engineering. Includes materials,equipmentortechnology associated with:
—— Power reactors, breeder and production reactors
—— Fissile or special nuclear materials
—— Uranium enrichment, including gaseousdiffusion,centrifuge,aerodynamic, chemical, ElectromagneticIsotopic Setion (EMIS),Laser Isotope Setion
(LIS)
—— Spent fuel reprocessing, plutonium, mixed oxidenuclearresearch
Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)
—— Magnetic confinement fusion
—— Laser fusion, high power lasers, plasma,
—— Nuclear fuel fabrication including Mixed Oxide (uranium-
plutonium) fuels (MOX)
—— Heavy water production
—— Tritium production and use
—— Hardening technology
C. ROCKET SYSTEMS (including ballistic missilesystems,spacelaunch vehicles and sounding rockets) and Unmanned AirVehicles(UAV) (including cruise missiles, target drones, andreconnaissancedrones): Technologies associated with rocket systemsand UAVsystems. The technology needed to develop a satellitelaunchvehicle is virtually identical to that needed to build aballisticmissile.
D. ROCKET SYSTEM AND UNMANNED AIR VEHICLE (UAV) SUBSYSTEMS:
Propulsion technologies include solid rocket motorstages,andliquid propellant engines. Other critical subsystemsincludere-entry vehicles, guidance sets, thrust vector controlsandwarhead safing, arming and fusing. Many of these technologiesaredual-use. Technologies include:
—— Liquid and solid rocket propulsion systems
—— Missile propulsion and systems integration
—— Individual rocket stages or staging/setion mechanism
—— Aerospace thermal (such as superalloys) andhigh-performancestructures
—— Propulsion systems test facilities
E. NAVIGATION, AVIONICS AND FLIGHT CONTROL USEABLE INROCKETSYSTEMS AND UNMANNED AIR VEHICLES (UAV): Thesecapabilitiesdirectly determine the delivery accuracy and lethalityof bothunguided and guided weapons. The long-term costs to design,buildand apply these technologies have been a limitingproliferationfactor. Technologies include those associatedwith:
—— Internal navigation systems
—— Tracking and terminal homing devices
—— Accelerometers and gyroscopes
—— Rocket and UAV and flight control systems.
—— Global Positioning System (GPS)
F. CHEMICAL, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING:Thetechnology used to produce chemical and biological weaponsisinherently dual-use. The same technologies that could be appliedtodevelop and produce chemical and biological weapons are usedwidelyby civilian research laboratories and industry; thesetechnologiesare relatively common in many countries. Advancedbiotechnology hasthe potential to support biological weaponsresearch. In thebiological area, look for interest in technologiesassociatedwith:
—— Aerobiology (study of microorganisms found in the air orinaerosol form)
—— Biochemistry
—— Pharmacology
—— Immunology
—— Virology
—— Bacteriology
—— Mycology
—— Microbiology
—— Growth and culturing of microorganisms
—— Pathology (study of diseases)
—— Toxicology
—— Study of toxins
—— Virulence factors
—— Genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology
—— Identification of nucleic acid sequences associatedwithpathogenecity
—— Freeze-drying (lyophilization)
—— Fermentation technology
—— Cross-filtration equipment
—— High DOP-rated filters (e.g., HEPA filters, ULPAfilters)
—— Microencapsulation
—— Aerosol sprayers and technology, aerosol andaerosolizationtechnology
—— Spray or drum drying technology
—— Milling equipment or technology intended for the productionofmicron-sized particles
—— Technology for eliminating electrostatic charges ofsmallparticles
—— Flight training
—— Crop-dusting, aerosol dissemination
—— Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology
—— Fuses, detonators, and other munitions technology
—— Submunitions technology
—— Computer modeling of dissemination or contagion
—— Chemical absorption(nuclear-biological-chemical(NBC)protection)
In the chemical area, look for:
—— Organo-phosphate chemistry
—— Neurochemistry
—— Chemical engineering
—— Chemical setion technology
—— Pesticide production technology
—— Pharmaceutical production technology
—— Chemical setion technology
—— Toxicology
—— Pharmacology
—— Neurology
—— Immunology
—— Detection of toxic chemical aerosols
—— Chemical absorption(Nuclear-Biological-Chemical(NBC)protection)
—— Production of glass-lined steelreactors/vessels,pipes,flanges, and other equipment
—— Aerosol sprayers and technology
—— Flight training
—— Crop-dusting, aerosol dissemination
—— Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology
—— Fuses, detonators, and other munitions technology
—— Submunitions technology
—— Computer modeling of dissemination
G. REMOTE SENSING, IMAGING AND RECONNAISSANCE: Satelliteandaircraft remote sensing technologies are inherentlydual-use;increasingly sophisticated technologies can be used forcivilianimagery projects or for military and intelligencereconnaissanceactivities. Drones and remotely piloted vehicles alsoaugmentsatellite capabilities. Key-word associated technologiesare:
—— Remote sensing satellites
—— High resolution multi-spectral, electro-optical andradardata/imagery
—— Imagery instruments, cameras, optics, and syntheticapertureradar systems
—— Ground receiving stations and data/image processingsystems
—— Photogrammetry
—— Imagery data and information products
—— Piloted aircraft
—— Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV)
—— Remotely-piloted vehicles; and drones
H. ADVANCED COMPUTER/MICROELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY:Advancedcomputers and software play a useful (but not necessarilycritical)role in the development and deployment of missiles andmissilesystems, and in the development and production of nuclearweapons.Advanced computer capabilities are also used inover-the-horizontargeting,airborne early warning targeting,ElectronicCountermeasures (ECM) processors. These technologies areassociatedwith:
—— Supercomputing, hybrid computing
—— Speech processing/recognition systems
—— Neural networks
—— Data fusion
—— Quantum wells, resonant tunneling
