一、倡导信
1. 目的和写法
倡导信一般是为了解决某个普遍关注的问题而以某职能部门、权威人士或广大群众为对象的信函。通常有标题。其内容与本书前文所述的问题解决型考研英语作文题较为相似。
A Letter to Citizens of Beijing as to Improving Involvement in Preparation for the 2008 Olympic Games
Dear Countrymen:
I am writing the letter to call on all people in Beijing to perk up and do more work for the coming 2008 Olympic Games. As a common citizen here in the capital of our great motherland, I jumped over joy when news came saying we won the competition for hosting the great games, the first in our history.
But after a month-long excitement, I started to think about the question: What can I do for the huge project? I had been left with helplessness for all the past months, like many people did. But now I came up with some ideas that might attract you and equip us all with sufficient confidence.
I hope we will start studying English, and two of three of other foreign languages if possible, to be able to communicate with friends from all corners of the world. We could have been making Beijing an international city in the proper sense of the word. I will try to understand modern concepts about making a city, and a country, more beautiful, for example, environmental protection, community construction, city planning, and above all, the quality of being a citizen in the modern city.
Actually, we will not be making preparation for preparation’s sake. After 2008, I have all the reasons to be optimistic that Beijing, and our country, will be taking a strong position in the powers of the world.
Please join me in the action and extend our excitement into a spirit that dares any possible difficulties! Thank you!
Best wishes to Beijing and our country,
Zhong Guan
(A common citizen of Beijing)
2.推荐信(Recommendation, Reference)
1. 推荐信的写法
推荐信主要是由有身份、地位的人士向学校或雇主介绍求学或求职者，是一种证明。主要内容包括：事由，即推荐何人做何事；与被推荐者的关系；被推荐者的介绍等。
1.范例
To whom it may concern:
Fan Zheng was enrolled as a student in my juvenile psychology course at Beijing Normal University in 1992. His performance in the school years was outstanding. Mr. Zheng had been the major speaker for my class discussions and he showed great talents in solving real problems and organizing his thoughts. He was clearly born with a keen mind for the science of psychology and was always coming up with original ideas. He can also express himself effectively in both spoken and written English, thanks to his interests in English and his experiences in U. S. A. as an exchange student for two years.
In addition, Mr. Zheng has a very pleasant personality. He has developed a strong sense of humor that attracts people around him, and working with him is always pretty much fun. But be is absolutely hard-working, often being the core of a group. Besides, he has all the qualities of being a group leader, which include his introduction of himself in a low profile and being a man of his words.
I have no doubt that Mr. Zheng will be an ideal candidate for the doctorate studies under your instruction. I strongly recommend him to your attention.
Sincerely yours,
(Signature)
John Yang
Professor of Psychology
President of Beijing Normal University
3. 建议信
建议信开头段常用句式和套话
I am writing in reply to…
I would like to suggest that…
I am writing with my suggestion proposal about…
I am writing to express my views concerning…
You have asked me for my advice with regard to…and I will try to make some conducive suggestions.
表达建议常用句式和套话
I feel that it would be beneficial if…
I would like to suggest that…
I would recommend that…
If I were you, I would…
You may consider doing…
It would seem to me that you could…
As you may agree that…
建议信结尾常用句式和套话
I hope you will find these suggestions/proposals/recommendations helpful/practical/ useful.
I trust you will take my suggestion into account.
I would be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.
I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details.
★例：
Directions：
You have a friend who is about to enter university, and he wants you to advise him on which subject to specialize in--history, in which he is very interested, or computer science, which offers better job prospects. Write a letter:
1) explaining what he could do,
2) why he could do this, and
3) wishing him luck with his studies.
You should write with no less than 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.
范文：
Dear John,
You asked for advice concerning whether you should study history or computer science at university. I will try making some suggestions.
University is preparation for your career. You should consider studying a subject which will best equip you to earn a living. Computer science offers more job opportunities than history. We are now in a high-tech age. For the foreseeable future, it would be necessary for everyone to be equipped with computer skills merely to earn a living!
Of course, you don''t have to devote all your time at university to studying computers and nothing else. I would recommend that you continue reading of history in your spare time. That way, you will find that your leisure hours are enriched while you prepare yourself for a worthwhile career in computer science.
Whatever you decide to do, good luck with you studies!
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
4.投诉信
投诉信又叫抱怨信，其主要目的是表达写信人对某一情况的不满。
例：
Directions:
You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because you roommate always has friends visiting. He/she has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you. Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college:
1) asking for a new room next term,
2) stating that you would prefer a single room and
3) explaining your reasons.
You should write with no less than 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address.
投诉信的开头常用句式和套话
I am writing to complain about/that...
I am writing to make a complaint about...
I am writing to express my concern/dissatisfaction/disappointment about...
I am writing to inform you that I am dissatisfied with your...
I feel bad/sorry to trouble you but I am afraid I have to make a complaint about...
I am most reluctant to complain, but...
I am writing to advise you that I find.., unsatisfactory.
I wish to draw your attention to the problem/fault.., that I bought...
投诉信的结尾常用句式和套话
I trust you will take my complaints seriously and...
I will appreciate it very much if you could...
I would be perfectly satisfied if you can kindly...
I understand you will give, immediate attention to this matter.
I would like to have this matter settled by the end of...
I would be grateful if you could...
I would appreciate it if you could...
范文：
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next term. I would prefer a single room, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.
The reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate''s inconsiderate behavior. His friends constantly visit him and he regularly holds noisy parties. In addition, he sometimes borrows my things without asking me. Under these circumstances, I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling behind on my assignments.
I am sure you will agree that the solution is for me to move into a room of my own, where I will be free from such distractions. I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
5.询问信
询问信的开头常用句式和套话
I am writing for information about…
I would like to receive information regarding…
I am writing to ask if you could possibly…
I would be grateful if you would…
I would like to request materials for…
I would be most grateful if you could send me information regarding/concerning…
I wonder if you could…
I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding…
询问信的结尾常用句式和套话
I am expecting your early reply.
Your prompt attention to this letter would be highly appreciated.
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Thank you for your consideration.
I look forward to your immediate response.
★例：
Directions:
As part of a student social survey project, you are organizing a group to visit a historical exhibition in a small town. Write a letter to the organizer of the exhibition:
1) asking for information regarding the contents of the exhibition
2) asking about the dates and times the exhibition is open and
3) if there are any discounts available.
You should write with no less than 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
★例：
Dear Sir, *
I am organizing a group of students to pay a visit to the historical exhibition in your town. This visit will be part of our school''s social survey project. I would be grateful if you could supply me with the following information.
First of all, what are the dates between which the exhibition will be held, and what are the daily opening hours? Secondly, what is the size of the exhibition, what is its theme and what objects ate on display? Thirdly, are there any other activities being held in connection with the exhibition?
I would also like to inquire if there is any discount available on entrance tickets for students. If so, how much is the discount and what is the minimum number of students necessary to qualify for it?
I look forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
6. 请求信
请求信对收信人提出请求，希望对方满足该请求。请求信和询问信有一点相似，就是两者都要向对方提出某种要求请对方给予答复。而两者的不同则在于询问信的核心是要询问信息，重点要写清楚询问的内容，收信人要提供信息则大多是自身职责所在，应当为咨询者提供所需的信息；请求信的核心却是请求他人做某事的原因，重点是要写清楚为什么要请求他人做某事，大多数情况下写信人是无中生有，为收信人制造一些麻烦。
写作策略：
首段：说明写作意图，要提出什么样的请求。请求信的首段既要礼貌，又要规范。
主体段落：说明请求的原因，应具体展开。请求信的主体段落应尽可能客观公允，合乎情理。
请求信首段常用句式和套语
I am writing to formally request to…
I would very much like to ask for your permissio9n with this letter so as to allow me…
I am writing to seek for your assistance in…
Would you be kind enough to…?
请求信结尾段常用句式和套话
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
I do appreciate the favorable consideration you have shown to me.
I would like to thank you for your generous help in this matter.
I shall remain grateful to you for the great help…
★例：
Directions:
You find that your study load is too heavy. Write a letter to your college teacher:
1) explaining why you need to withdraw from two courses
2) asking if it is possible to obtain a refund and
3) apologizing for any problems caused by your decision.
You should write with no less than 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.
范文：
Dear Professor James,
I am writing to request to withdraw from two courses: Introduction to Elementary Education (EDU 602) and Teaching Methods (EDU 619).
The reason for reducing my course load is that I am finding it difficult to manage six courses. At the beginning of the term, I was optimistic about juggling my full-time studies and my part-time job (20 hours/week). I really must work part time, so I have no choice but to decrease my course load.
I would also like to request a tuition refund. I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused by this change in plans. This decision was not taken lightly.
Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at 277-9144. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
7. 道歉信
道歉信的目的是向收信人表明歉意，请求对方对自己的某种过失表示谅解。
写作策略：
首段：表明写信意图，对某事表示歉意。
主体段落：说明道歉的具体原因，应展开。在主体段落中，写信人应当在申述理由时照顾读信人的感受，切忌强词夺理。
结尾段：再次表明兼意，请求收信人的谅解。在结尾段还可以建议对自己的过失采取何种补救措施。
道歉信中开头段常用句式和套话
I am writing this letter to express my regret…
I am writing to apologize for…
I would like to give you my apology for…
I am very sorry to say that…
I must apologize about (not) doing sth…
Please accept my sincere apology for…
I am writing to say sorry for…
I am terribly sorry, but…
道歉信中结尾段常用句式和套话
Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
Please allow me to say sorry again.
Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.
I want to let you know how regretful I am feeling now.
I am sorry that I can’t… and trust that you will be able to understand.
★例：
Directions:
One of your pen pals will shortly be visiting your city. For some reason, you can not manage to meet him at the airport on time. Write a letter:
1) explaining why you cannot meet him at the airport,
2) asking him to wait for you at the airport, and
3) telling him how to identify you.
You should write with no less than 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.
范文：
Dear Martin,
I am looking forward to your visit. Just think, after all these years of writing to each other, we will finally have the chance to meet! However, I am sorry that I will not be able to meet you at the airport as soon as you arrive.
The reason is that your flight will arrive early in the morning, and the earliest I can get To the airport will be about an hour after you land. Please wait for me in the arrival lounge. You should be able to have breakfast there while you wait.
By the way, as we have never met I must tell you how to recognize me. I am of medium height and have a small moustache. In addition, I will be carrying a copy of the morning newspaper tucked under my left arm.
Looking forward to our meeting.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
8. 感谢信
感谢信是对收信人的某一行为表示感谢。
写作策略：
感谢信还有浓厚的感情色彩，具有比较浓的人情味，因此可操作性不是太强。考生即便学习了一篇范文，但对另外一道此类题目也是可能不知该从何处入手。实际上感谢信(还包括表扬信)从内容上恰恰与投诉信相反，因此可以直接套用投诉信的写法，只需将投诉信主体段落对投诉理由的具体说明改为对感谢或表扬理由的具体说明即可。例如，一道题目说代我在一个旅馆信了一段时间，但方方面面都不尽如人意，回家后你和家人都闹肚子，请你写一封投诉信。而另外一道题则是说你在一家旅馆住了一段时间，在那里度过了一段美好的时光，请你写一封感谢信。这两封信在主体段落上都可以从几个方面对该旅馆进行投诉或感谢，都可以从服务、饮食卫生、客房环境等几个方面来说明投诉或感谢的理由，只需将投诉信的不满改为感谢信的满意即可。由此可知，只要掌握了投诉信的写法，感谢信也应当是手到擒来。
感谢信开头段常用句式和套话
I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for...
I am writing to express my thanks for...
I am writing to show my sincere appreciation for...
I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for...
I feel deeply indebted to you and I really don''t know how to thank you enough for your help.
感谢信结尾段常用句式和套话
I must thank you again for your generous help.
I am most grateful for your selfless donation.
My true gratitude is beyond the word''s description.
I feel most obliged to thank you once more.
Please accept my gratitude, now and always.
★例：
Directions:
After being involved in an accident, you were looked after by another person. Write a letter:
1) mentioning what happened in the accident,
2) telling the person about your recovery, and
3) expressing your thanks.
You should write with no less than 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.
范文：
Dear John,
I am writing to thank you for looking after me after that unfortunate accident the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi. If it had not been for your assistance in giving me first aid and taking me to a nearby hospital, I fear that the consequences might have been much more serious.
The doctor says that my broken leg is healing well. In addition, the taxi company has agreed to pay my hospital bills. Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that Emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome.
Although nowadays many people talk about the need to be unselfish and to help others, we see very few people practicing what they preach. But you showed by your actions that you are an exception.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
9. 介绍大学的生活
You will graduate from university in the summer of 2005 and have experienced ups and downs over the past four years. Write a letter to the freshmen to
1)state how to adapt oneself to campus life, and
2)stress the importance of English learning.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
A Letter of Advice
Dear Freshmen,
I, the undersigned, am a senior in the Computer Science Department of Tsinghua University. I would like to say a few words to you, which I hope would be helpful to you.
To begin with, the change of ideas is of most importance for freshmen to adapt themselves to campus life. During the middle school days, we usually depend upon our teachers at school and parents at home. However, the life and study on university campus features independence, which is essential to our psychological development. In my view, we had better always bear in mind the idea of independence. What’s more, English learning is a must. On one hand, without CET 4 certificate, we can not get our degree when we graduate from university. On the other hand, when we hunt for job, English level is a deciding factor. Therefore, I do hope that all of you will have a good understanding of the necessity of learning English well.
Good Luck to you!
Sincerely Yours
Li Ming
10 询问信
Directions：
You are applying for a MA/MS degree and are in need of some contact with your would-be tutor. Write a letter to your tutor to:
1. make a brief self-introduction
2. state the reasons for the application for your major
3. outline your plan after graduation
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
参考范文 (119 words)
Dear Prof. Li,
I am a senior in the Computer Science Department of Tsinghua University. I am applying for an MS degree under your guidance so that I write to you today for a further contact.
The reason for my application for the major — utilization of computer in farming — can be illustrated as follows. I am from the West. I was born and brought up in the countryside so that I intend to learn what can be used in the countryside.
After graduation, I want to make use of what I learn to make contribution to the development of my hometown, which is still one of the ten counties in poverty.
Best wishes to you!
Sincerely Yours,
Li Ming
