操作系统内核的典型功能:
进程管理:
. 进程的创建与终止
. 进程的调度
. 进程切换
. 进程同步与进程间通信
. PCB (Process Control Blocks)管理
内存管理:
. 进程的地址空间分配
. 交换
. 页面及段管理
I/O管理:
. 缓存管理
. 进程I/O通道和I/O设备的分配
支持性的功能:
. 中断处理
. Accounting
. Mornitoring
1. 进程
(1) 进程与线程:
(2) 进程的状态迁移:
(3) 并发进程:进程间的互斥与同步
. 互斥 (Mutual Exclusion)
. 信号量 (Semaphore)
. 死锁 (Deadlock)
. 饥饿 (Starvation)
(4) 进程间通信:Message Passing
(5) 进程间调度:
. Long-term Scheduling
. Medium-term Scheduling
. Short-term Scheduling
.. Dimension one
User-oriented criteria: relate to the behavior of the system as perceived by individual user or process.
System-oriented criteria: the focus is on effective and efficient utilization of the processor.
.. Dimension two
Performance-related criteria
Not-performance-related criteria
.. Alternative Scheduling Policies
FCFS (First Come First Served)
Round Robin
SPN (Shortest Process Next)
SRT (Shortest Remaining Time)
HRRN (Highest Response Ratio Next)
Feedback
(6) Others
2. 内存管理
(1) 程序内定址 (Relocation)
(2) 内存保护 (Protection)
(3) 内存共享 (Sharing)
(4) 内存的逻辑组织 (Logical Organization)
(5) 内存的物理组织 (Physical Organization)
(6) 虚拟内存 (Virtual-Memory)
(7) 内存分区(Memory Partitioning)
. 固定分区 (Fixed Partitioning)
. 动态分区 (Dynamic Partitioning)
. 简单分页 (Simple Paging)
. 简单分段 (Simple Segmentation)
. 虚拟内存分页 (Virtual-Memory Paging)
. 虚拟内存分段 (Virtual-Memory Segmentation)
(8)
3. 及文件操作I/O
(1) 设备类型:IO
. Human Readable 适合人机交互,如键盘、鼠标、语音输入/输出、打印机、扫描仪、显示器等。
. Machine Readable 适合与其它电子设备交互,如光盘机、磁带机、磁盘机、传感器、控制器等。
. Communications 适合与远端设备进行通信,如数据线驱动器、和Modem等。
(2) IO 操作:
. Programmed I/O
. Interrupt-driven I/O
. Direct memory access (DMA)
(3) :I/O Buffering
. No Buffering
. Single Buffering
. Double Buffering
. Circular Buffering
(4) 文件系统
4. Others