英语书面表达是反映同学们英语运用水平的重要环节。下面我们从寻错、改错的角度来分析一下如何才能提高书面表达能力。
一、动词时态错误
【技巧点拨】 动词时态错误主要集中在一些特殊的时态变化里。如:表示持续一段时间的现在完成时态;条件状语从句和时间状语从句中一般现在时与一般将来时的转换;时态与语态的混合等。例:
1. We left our hometown for almost twenty years.
left 应改为:have been away from
我们离开家乡差不多二十年了。
2. We are going to see an action movie if it won’t rain tomorrow.
won’t rain应改为:doesn’t rain
如果明天不下雨,我们打算去看一部武打片。
二、句子结构错误
【技巧点拨】 句子结构的错误范围比较广,同学们要注意从以下几方面来思考:①句子结构是否完整,是否累赘或欠缺;②所用的单词词性是否与句子要求相符;③复合句中连接主句的关系代词或引导词的运用是否恰当。例:
1. Don’t worried! They still have five minutes left.
worried应改为: worry / be worried
别担心!他们还剩五分钟。
2. The old man can’t tell if the young people still like eating the mooncakes or not on Mid-autumn Day.
if应改为: whether
老人搞不清在中秋节年轻人是否依然喜欢吃月饼。
三、固定结构错误
【技巧点拨】 所谓固定结构错误是指英语中一些不能随便更改的习惯表达。如固定结构中的词不能随意增加或减少;固定搭配要前后一致等等。例:
1. It was very kind for you to help me last night.
for应改为: of
你昨天晚上帮我,真是太感谢你了。
2. My grandma use to be a history teacher in a middle school.
use应改为: used
我奶奶过去是一所中学里的历史老师。
四、名词单复数错误
【技巧点拨】 名词单复数变动的依据:①名词本身属于单数还是复数;②根据名词前的修饰成分;③根据上下文的逻辑关系。例:
Last night more than five thousands people had the concert and they all enjoyed it very much.
thousands应改为: thousand
昨晚五千多人听了那场演唱会,他们都非常喜欢。
五、重复错误
【技巧点拨】 重复是指在一些固定表达中多用了的词或从上下文逻辑来判断多用了的词。多用的词会使句子表达不合规范或意思重复。例:
1. Today I visited the Smiths—my first time visit to an American family.
应去掉time
今天我拜访了史密斯先生一家——这是我第一次拜访一个美国家庭。
2. We practiced the short play for five times a day and at last we acted it out very well.
应去掉for
我们一天要练习这个短剧五次,最后我们表演得很好。
六、冠词错误
【技巧点拨】 英语中冠词只有三个,常见错误有:①不定冠词a 和an互改;②a, an与定冠词the互改;③根据需要增删冠词。例:
For a long time they walked without saying a word. Jim was the first to break a silence.
a 应改为: the
走了很长一段时间他们都没说话,吉姆先打破了沉默。
七、代词错误
【技巧点拨】 ①代词的变化形式首先要与其所指代的对象一致;②符合上下文的一致性及其逻辑关系。
1. The Greens did his best to make me feel at home.
his 应改为: their
格林先生一家想尽办法使我感到像在家一样。
2. When we arrived at the foot of the mountains, the two of them were very excited.
them 应改为: us
当我们到达山脚时,我们中的两个人非常激动。
八、连词与并列错误
【技巧点拨】 连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑;并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同。这两点是衡量连词及并列使用是否合适的关键所在。例:
1. Playing football not only makes me grow up tall and strong but also give me the spirit of teamwork.
give 应改为: gives
踢足球不仅使我长高、强壮,而且给了我集体合作的精神。
2. She was smiling but nodding at me.
but 应改为: and
她笑着对我点点头。
九、易混词或词组引起的错误
【技巧点拨】 易混词或词组包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词,也包括那些外形相似、意义有别的词组。粗心的同学更容易犯错。例:
At first I knew nothing about football, but now I am very interesting in it.
interesting 应改为:interested
起先我对足球一无所知,但是现在我对它很感兴趣。
十、非谓语动词形式错误
【技巧点拨】 非谓语动词形式变化错误是一个普遍现象。主要集中在①动词不定式to的省略;②非谓语动词表示动作状态的-ing形式;③主动形式与被动形式的不同;④固定搭配等。例:
1. There were a lot of stores sell food, drink and newspapers at the station.
sell 应改为: selling
在火车站有许多商店在出售食品、饮料和报纸。
2. The little girl was made stand there for a long time.
stand 应改为: to stand
这个小女孩被迫站了很长时间。
实战指导
下面这篇文章请同学们来修改,使它表达更流畅,逻辑更合理。
题目:一说到考试,同学们总有讲不完的故事。在你的记忆中,那些发生在考场内外的故事,一定有使你至今感慨、难忘的吧?请以考试为话题,写一篇题为“An Unforgettable(难忘的)Experience”的短文。
Among many exam experiences, I still remember what happened in the final exam last term.
In the past I always felt nervous at the begin① of exams. And because of this, I never gave the best performance. But in the last final exam, when I got the paper, I surprised ② to see some warm words on the paper, “Hi, everyone. Believe in yourself and you will do best. Good luck.” See③ these words, the feeling of nervousness soon disappeared and I become④ confident. I did best that time.
Since then, whenever I have exams, these simple and ⑤ warm words always encourage me and make me feel confident.
Keys:
①begin → beginning,begin的名词形式是beginning,而且at the beginning of是固定搭配。
②surprised → was surprised,surprise是使役动词,人作主语时要用被动结构。
③see→ seeing,动词短语作主语可用to see 或seeing形式,这里表示“看到”的情形,选用seeing。
④become → became,从并列连词and来确定前后的动词时态应一致。
⑤and → but,形容词simple与warm是形成对比的一组,应用but比较符合文义。