[托福语法]托福英语语法指南—词性变化

2007-07-13 06:26:52  編輯來源:互聯網  简体版  手機版  評論  字體: 小|中|大

 

 

　　词性混淆误用一直是TOEEL考题中最重要的命题形式。它与“基本句子结构”（本书要点之1）和“平行结构”（本书要点之4）组成TOEEL命题的三大焦点。有关词性混淆的试题主要集中在written Expression （16—40题）中，命题范围包括

　　（1）并列结构中词性一致

　　（2）形容词与副词混淆

　　（3）形容词与名词混淆

　　（4）名词与动词混淆

　　其中，形容词用错的题型占此类命题的最大比例。词性混淆常考题型及解题要点：

　　1、并列连词and but or结构要求词性统一

　　全真例题分析

　　（1） Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales. （93.3）

　　[答案] A并列连词and连接三个形容词，故（A）Bigness应改为Big。

　　（2） The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability. （92.10）

　　[答案] D并列连词and连接三个名词，而speed是形容词，故应改为speed。

　　（3） Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments. （92.5）

　　[答案] D并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词，共同修饰后面的中心词governnenrfs。而locally是副词，应改为local。

　　（4） In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits. （92.5）

　　[答案] B并列连词or前面是形容词real。之后亦应是形容词imaginary。

　　2、形容词错用为副词

　　解题要点形容词用来修饰说明名词或名词性成分的，而副词则可修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分。

　　全真例题分析

　　（1） Animal life on Prince Edward island is confined large to ducks. Pheasants. And rabbits （93.5）

　　[答案]C修饰限定介词短语to ducks pheasants and rabbits应用副词largely。

　　（2） The General Sherman tree a giant sequoia in California, has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.

　　[答案] D修饰说明数词（272）应用副词approximately。

　　（3） Because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land maMMal alive today. （93.8）

　　[答案]修饰形容词短语larger than...应用副词形式considerably。

　　（4） Once an important port of entry for immigrants to the United States. Island recent reopened its great hall s a museum of immigration. （92.8）词性是否正确，是否错用为动词。

　　全真例题分析

　　（1） The work saga is often application to any narration of events of the past, whether mythical or historical in character. （92.10）

　　[答案] A application应改为applied，作谓语动词的被动语态。

　　（2） Administrative assistants are often expected to make decisions, supervision staff, delegate responsibility, and work harmoniously with managers and fellow cmployces. （92.100

　　[答案] B supervision改为动词原形supervise与后面名词组成动宾结构。

　　（3） Fascination by the promise of the internal engine and its application to a self-propelled vehicle, Henly Ford constructed a one-cylinder gasoline motor in 1892. （93.10）

　　[答案] A Fascination改为Fascinated，与后面的by组成过去分词短语作状语。

　　（4） From 1872 to, Alice Elvira Freeman was Dean of Women at the newly foundation University of Chicago. （93.8）

　　[答案] D foundation改为founded过去分词作定语，修饰University of Chicago

　　3、由表示词性的后缀- fur ,-tie -enc., -ent,-tive都很可能是此题的考试焦点

　　全真例题分析

　　（1） Few theories are originality enough to be called unique. （92.10）

　　[答案] C名词originality应改为形容词original作表语。

　　（2） Height, powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players. （93.8）

　　[答案] A形容词powerful应改为名词power，与height和speed并列。

　　（3） A major purpose of scientific analysts is to idenufy and examine causal connections between independent and dependence variables. （93.1）

　　[答案] D名词dependence应改为形容词dependent，用来修饰后面的名词variables。

　　（4） A deficient of folic acid is rarely found in humans because the vitamin is contained in a wide variety of foods. （92.8）

　　[答案]A形容词deficient改为名词deficiency。作主语。

　　（5） In nature, the distributive of plants is obviously

　　related to climate. （90.8）

　　[答案] B形容词distributive改为名词distribution，用主语。

　　（6） A foreign exchange rate is a price that reflects the relative supply and demand of difference currencies. （93.5）

　　[答案] D名词difference改为形容词different，修饰后面的名词。

 

 

 

词性混淆误用一直是TOEEL考题中最重要的命题形式。它与“基本句子结构”（本书要点之1）和“平行结构”（本书要点之4）组成TOEEL命题的三大焦点。有关词性混淆的试题主要集中在written Expression （16—40题）中，命题范围包括 　　（1）并列结构中词性一致 　　（2）形容词与副词混淆 　　（3）形容词与名词混淆 　　（4）名词与动词混淆 　　其中，形容词用错的题型占此类命题的最大比例。词性混淆常考题型及解题要点： 　　1、并列连词and but or结构要求词性统一 　　全真例题分析 　　（1） Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales. （93.3） 　　[答案] A并列连词and连接三个形容词，故（A）Bigness应改为Big。 　　（2） The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability. （92.10） 　　[答案] D并列连词and连接三个名词，而speed是形容词，故应改为speed。 　　（3） Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments. （92.5） 　　[答案] D并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词，共同修饰后面的中心词governnenrfs。而locally是副词，应改为local。 　　（4） In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits. （92.5） 　　[答案] B并列连词or前面是形容词real。之后亦应是形容词imaginary。 　　2、形容词错用为副词 　　解题要点形容词用来修饰说明名词或名词性成分的，而副词则可修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分。 　　全真例题分析 　　（1） Animal life on Prince Edward island is confined large to ducks. Pheasants. And rabbits （93.5） 　　[答案]C修饰限定介词短语to ducks pheasants and rabbits应用副词largely。 　　（2） The General Sherman tree a giant sequoia in California, has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall. 　　[答案] D修饰说明数词（272）应用副词approximately。 　　（3） Because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land maMMal alive today. （93.8） 　　[答案]修饰形容词短语larger than...应用副词形式considerably。 　　（4） Once an important port of entry for immigrants to the United States. Island recent reopened its great hall s a museum of immigration. （92.8）词性是否正确，是否错用为动词。 　　全真例题分析 　　（1） The work saga is often application to any narration of events of the past, whether mythical or historical in character. （92.10） 　　[答案] A application应改为applied，作谓语动词的被动语态。 　　（2） Administrative assistants are often expected to make decisions, supervision staff, delegate responsibility, and work harmoniously with managers and fellow cmployces. （92.100 　　[答案] B supervision改为动词原形supervise与后面名词组成动宾结构。 　　（3） Fascination by the promise of the internal engine and its application to a self-propelled vehicle, Henly Ford constructed a one-cylinder gasoline motor in 1892. （93.10） 　　[答案] A Fascination改为Fascinated，与后面的by组成过去分词短语作状语。 　　（4） From 1872 to, Alice Elvira Freeman was Dean of Women at the newly foundation University of Chicago. （93.8） 　　[答案] D foundation改为founded过去分词作定语，修饰University of Chicago 　　3、由表示词性的后缀- fur ,-tie -enc., -ent,-tive都很可能是此题的考试焦点 　　全真例题分析 　　（1） Few theories are originality enough to be called unique. （92.10） 　　[答案] C名词originality应改为形容词original作表语。 　　（2） Height, powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players. （93.8） 　　[答案] A形容词powerful应改为名词power，与height和speed并列。 　　（3） A major purpose of scientific analysts is to idenufy and examine causal connections between independent and dependence variables. （93.1） 　　[答案] D名词dependence应改为形容词dependent，用来修饰后面的名词variables。 　　（4） A deficient of folic acid is rarely found in humans because the vitamin is contained in a wide variety of foods. （92.8） 　　[答案]A形容词deficient改为名词deficiency。作主语。 　　（5） In nature, the distributive of plants is obviously 　　related to climate. （90.8） 　　[答案] B形容词distributive改为名词distribution，用主语。 　　（6） A foreign exchange rate is a price that reflects the relative supply and demand of difference currencies. （93.5） 　　[答案] D名词difference改为形容词different，修饰后面的名词。