最近需要从多个Excel表里面用各种方式整理一些数据，虽然说原来用过java做这类事情，但是由于最近在学python，所以当然就决定用python尝试一下了。发现python果然简洁很多。这里简单记录一下。（由于是用到什么学什么，所以不算太深入，高手勿喷，欢迎指导）
一、读excel表
读excel要用到xlrd模块，官网安装（http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlrd）。然后就可以跟着里面的例子稍微试一下就知道怎么用了。大概的流程是这样的：
1、导入模块
import xlrd
2、打开Excel文件读取数据
data = xlrd.open_workbook('excel.xls')
3、获取一个工作表
1table = data.sheets()[0]#通过索引顺序获取2table = data.sheet_by_index(0)#通过索引顺序获取3table = data.sheet_by_name(u'Sheet1')#通过名称获取
4、获取整行和整列的值（返回数组）
table.row_values(i)
table.col_values(i)
5、获取行数和列数
table.nrows
table.ncols
6、获取单元格
table.cell(0,0).value
table.cell(2,3).value
就我自己使用的时候觉得还是获取cell最有用，这就相当于是给了你一个二维数组，余下你就可以想怎么干就怎么干了。得益于这个十分好用的库代码很是简洁。但是还是有若干坑的存在导致话了一定时间探索。现在列出来供后人参考吧：
1、首先就是我的统计是根据姓名统计各个表中的信息的，但是调试发现不同的表中各个名字貌似不能够匹配，开始怀疑过编码问题，不过后来发现是因为空格。因为在excel中输入的时候很可能会顺手在一些名字后面加上几个空格或是tab键，这样看起来没什么差别，但是程序处理的时候这就是两个完全不同的串了。我的解决方法是给每个获取的字符串都加上strip（）处理一下。效果良好
2、还是字符串的匹配，在判断某个单元格中的字符串（中文）是否等于我所给出的的时候发现无法匹配，并且各种unicode也不太奏效，百度过一些解决方案，但是都比较复杂或是没用。最后我采用了一个比较变通的方式：直接从excel中获取我想要的值再进行比较，效果是不错就是通用行不太好，个呢不能问题还没解决。
二、写excel表
写excel表要用到xlwt模块，官网下载（http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt）。大致使用流程如下：
1、导入模块
import xlwt
2、创建workbook（其实就是excel，后来保存一下就行）
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'ascii')
3、创建表
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')
4、往单元格内写入内容
worksheet.write(0, 0, label = 'Row 0, Column 0 Value')
5、保存
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
由于我的需求比较简单，所以这上面没遇到什么问题，唯一的就是建议还是用ascii编码，不然可能会有一些诡异的现象。
当然xlwt功能远远不止这些，他甚至可以设置各种样式之类的。附上一点例子
1Examples Generating Excel Documents Using Python’s xlwt23Here are some simple examples using Python’s xlwt library to dynamically generate Excel documents.45Please note a useful alternative may be ezodf, which allows you to generate ODS (Open Document SPReadsheet) filesforLibreOffice / OpenOffice. You can check them out at:http://packages.python.org/ezodf/index.html67The Simplest Example8importxlwt9workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding ='ascii')10worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')11worksheet.write(0, 0, label ='Row 0, Column 0 Value')12workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')1314Formatting the Contents of a Cell15importxlwt16workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding ='ascii')17worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')18font = xlwt.Font()#Create the Font19font.name ='Times New Roman'20font.bold =True21font.underline =True22font.italic =True23style = xlwt.XFStyle()#Create the Style24style.font = font#Apply the Font to the Style25worksheet.write(0, 0, label ='Unformatted value')26worksheet.write(1, 0, label ='Formatted value', style)#Apply the Style to the Cell27workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')2829Attributes of the Font Object30font.bold = True#May be: True, False31font.italic = True#May be: True, False32font.struck_out = True#May be: True, False33font.underline = xlwt.Font.UNDERLINE_SINGLE#May be: UNDERLINE_NONE, UNDERLINE_SINGLE, UNDERLINE_SINGLE_ACC, UNDERLINE_DOUBLE, UNDERLINE_DOUBLE_ACC34font.escapement = xlwt.Font.ESCAPEMENT_SUPERSCRIPT#May be: ESCAPEMENT_NONE, ESCAPEMENT_SUPERSCRIPT, ESCAPEMENT_SUBSCRIPT35font.family = xlwt.Font.FAMILY_ROMAN#May be: FAMILY_NONE, FAMILY_ROMAN, FAMILY_SWISS, FAMILY_MODERN, FAMILY_SCRIPT, FAMILY_DECORATIVE36font.charset = xlwt.Font.CHARSET_ANSI_LATIN#May be: CHARSET_ANSI_LATIN, CHARSET_SYS_DEFAULT, CHARSET_SYMBOL, CHARSET_APPLE_ROMAN, CHARSET_ANSI_JAP_SHIFT_JIS, CHARSET_ANSI_KOR_HANGUL, CHARSET_ANSI_KOR_JOHAB, CHARSET_ANSI_CHINESE_GBK, CHARSET_ANSI_CHINESE_BIG5, CHARSET_ANSI_GREEK, CHARSET_ANSI_TURKISH, CHARSET_ANSI_VIETNAMESE, CHARSET_ANSI_HEBREW, CHARSET_ANSI_ARABIC, CHARSET_ANSI_BALTIC, CHARSET_ANSI_CYRILLIC, CHARSET_ANSI_THAI, CHARSET_ANSI_LATIN_II, CHARSET_OEM_LATIN_I37font.colour_index =?38font.get_biff_record =?39font.height = 0x00C8#C8 in Hex (in decimal) = 10 points in height.40font.name =?41font.outline =?42font.shadow =?4344Setting the Width of a Cell45importxltw46workbook =xlwt.Workbook()47worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')48worksheet.write(0, 0,'My Cell Contents')49worksheet.col(0).width = 3333#3333 = 1" (one inch).50workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')5152Entering a Date into a Cell53importxlwt54importdatetime55workbook =xlwt.Workbook()56worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')57style =xlwt.XFStyle()58style.num_format_str ='M/D/YY'#Other options: D-MMM-YY, D-MMM, MMM-YY, h:mm, h:mm:ss, h:mm, h:mm:ss, M/D/YY h:mm, mm:ss, [h]:mm:ss, mm:ss.059worksheet.write(0, 0, datetime.datetime.now(), style)60workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')6162Adding a Formula to a Cell63importxlwt64workbook =xlwt.Workbook()65worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')66worksheet.write(0, 0, 5)#Outputs 567worksheet.write(0, 1, 2)#Outputs 268worksheet.write(1, 0, xlwt.Formula('A1*B1'))#Should output "10" (A1[5] * A2[2])69worksheet.write(1, 1, xlwt.Formula('SUM(A1,B1)'))#Should output "7" (A1[5] + A2[2])70workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')7172Adding a Hyperlink to a Cell73importxlwt74workbook =xlwt.Workbook()75worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')76worksheet.write(0, 0, xlwt.Formula('HYPERLINK("http://www.google.com";"Google")'))#Outputs the text "Google" linking to http://www.google.com77workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')7879Merging ColumnsandRows80importxlwt81workbook =xlwt.Workbook()82worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')83worksheet.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 3,'First Merge')#Merges row 0's columns 0 through 3.84font = xlwt.Font()#Create Font85font.bold = True#Set font to Bold86style = xlwt.XFStyle()#Create Style87style.font = font#Add Bold Font to Style88worksheet.write_merge(1, 2, 0, 3,'Second Merge', style)#Merges row 1 through 2's columns 0 through 3.89workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')9091Setting the Alignmentforthe Contents of a Cell92importxlwt93workbook =xlwt.Workbook()94worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')95alignment = xlwt.Alignment()#Create Alignment96alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER#May be: HORZ_GENERAL, HORZ_LEFT, HORZ_CENTER, HORZ_RIGHT, HORZ_FILLED, HORZ_JUSTIFIED, HORZ_CENTER_ACROSS_SEL, HORZ_DISTRIBUTED97alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER#May be: VERT_TOP, VERT_CENTER, VERT_BOTTOM, VERT_JUSTIFIED, VERT_DISTRIBUTED98style = xlwt.XFStyle()#Create Style99style.alignment = alignment#Add Alignment to Style100worksheet.write(0, 0,'Cell Contents', style)101workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')102103Adding Borders to a Cell104#Please note: While I was able to find these constants within the source code, on my system (using LibreOffice,) I was only presented with a solid line, varying from thin to thick; no dotted or dashed lines.105importxlwt106workbook =xlwt.Workbook()107worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')108borders = xlwt.Borders()#Create Borders109borders.left = xlwt.Borders.DASHED#May be: NO_LINE, THIN, MEDIUM, DASHED, DOTTED, THICK, DOUBLE, HAIR, MEDIUM_DASHED, THIN_DASH_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, THIN_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, SLANTED_MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, or 0x00 through 0x0D.110borders.right =xlwt.Borders.DASHED111borders.top =xlwt.Borders.DASHED112borders.bottom =xlwt.Borders.DASHED113borders.left_colour = 0x40114borders.right_colour = 0x40115borders.top_colour = 0x40116borders.bottom_colour = 0x40117style = xlwt.XFStyle()#Create Style118style.borders = borders#Add Borders to Style119worksheet.write(0, 0,'Cell Contents', style)120workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')121122Setting the Background Color of a Cell123importxlwt124workbook =xlwt.Workbook()125worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')126pattern = xlwt.Pattern()#Create the Pattern127pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN#May be: NO_PATTERN, SOLID_PATTERN, or 0x00 through 0x12128pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 5#May be: 8 through 63. 0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow , almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on...129style = xlwt.XFStyle()#Create the Pattern130style.pattern = pattern#Add Pattern to Style131worksheet.write(0, 0,'Cell Contents', style)132workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')133134TODO: Things Left to Document135- Panes -- separate views which are alwaysinview136- Border Colors (documented above, butnottaking effect as it should)137- Border Widths (document above, butnotworking as expected)138-Protection139-Row Styles140- Zoom /Manification141-WS Props?142Source Codeforreference available at: https://secure.simplistix.co.uk/svn/xlwt/trunk/xlwt/