一个简单的form表单:#polls/templates/polls/detail.html
<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>{%iferror_message %}<p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>{% endif %}
<form action="{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}"method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{%forchoiceinquestion.choice_set.all %}
<input type="radio"name="choice"id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}"value="{{ choice.id }}"/>
<labelfor="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice_text }}</label><br />
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit"value="Vote"/>
</form>
forloop.counter:表示for循环执行的次数action="{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}":指定处理post 数据的url{% csrf_token %}:用于防止csrf攻击的tag,所有post的form都应该使用处理post的代码:#polls/urls.pyurl(r'^(?P<question_id>\d+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote'),#polls/views.pyfromdjango.shortcutsimportget_object_or_404, renderfromdjango.httpimportHttPResponseRedirect, HttpResponsefromdjango.core.urlresolversimportreversefrompolls.modelsimportChoice, Question#...defvote(request, question_id):
p= get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)try:
selected_choice= p.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])except(KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):#Redisplay the question voting form.returnrender(request,'polls/detail.html', {'question': p,'error_message':"You didn't select a choice.",
})else:
selected_choice.votes+= 1selected_choice.save()#Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing#with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a#user hits the Back button.returnHttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(p.id,)))
#polls/view.py
fromdjango.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, renderdefresults(request, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)returnrender(request, 'polls/results.html', {'question': question})
request.POST:用于获取表单的值，同样的属性还有request.GETrequest.POST[‘choice’]:choice是key值，不存在时引发KeyError exceptionHttpResponseRedirect():参数是一个重定向的url\reverse():返回一个url，通过使用url name避免hardcodeGeneric view:fromdjango.shortcutsimportget_object_or_404, renderfromdjango.httpimportHttpResponseRedirectfromdjango.core.urlresolversimportreversefromdjango.viewsimportgenericfrompolls.modelsimportChoice, QuestionclassIndexView(generic.ListView):
template_name='polls/index.html'context_object_name='latest_question_list'defget_queryset(self):"""Return the last five published questions."""returnQuestion.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]classDetailView(generic.DetailView):
model=Question#template_name 告诉django自动生成的template的name#如果不指定默认为<app name>/<model name>_detail.htmltemplate_name ='polls/detail.html'#polls/urls.py#注意必须用<pk>指定匹配的组名urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^$', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),
url(r'^(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.DetailView.as_view(), name='detail'),
)
静态文件:django的STATICFILES_FINDERS setting保存了一系列finder,这些finder知道如何去查找静态文件。如AppDirectoriesFinder就会在INSTALLED_APPS包含的app的子目录下查找static目录。通常用如下存放静态文件，polls/static/polls/style.CSS或者polls/static/polls/images/background.gif，这样AppDirectoriesFinder可以找到,路径中第二个polls相当于静态文件的名字空间#polls/templates/polls/index.html{% load staticfiles %}<link rel="stylesheet"type="text/css"href="{% static 'polls/style.css' %}"/>
How to packaging your app:参考https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/intro/reusable-apps/