Python 阶段综合练习一综合之前的函数、数据结构、流程控制等，做以下实例练习：（建议先不要看代码，自己先试着写；代码仅供参考，有多种实现方法）
1. 定义 is_Even 函数，传一 int 参数，判断是否是偶数，return True；不是，return False
1'''is_Even'''2defis_Even(i):3if(i%2==0):4returnTrue5else:6returnFalse7PRint(is_Even(0),is_Even(1),is_Even(1))
is_Even
2. 定义 is_Int 函数，传一 float 参数，判断是否是整数（如1.0 即整数），return True；不是，return False
1'''is_Int'''2defis_Int(f):3if(f%1==0):4returnTrue5else:6returnFalse7print(is_Int(0),is_Int(1.0),is_Int(1.1))
is_Int'
3. 定义 digital_sum 函数，传一 int 参数，return 其所有位数的数字相加的和；如：1234 返回 10(1+2+3+4)； 900 返回 9 (9+0+0)
1'''digital_sum'''2defdigital_sum(i):3sum =04while(i/10>1):5sum += i%106i = int(i/10)7sum +=i8returnsum9print(digital_sum(23423),digital_sum(900),digital_sum(0))
digital_sum 1
1defdigital_sum(i):2i =str(i)3sum =04fordini:5sum +=int(d)6returnsum7print(digital_sum(23423),digital_sum(900),digital_sum(0))
digital_sum 2
4. 定义 factorial 函数，传一 int 参数，return 其所有位数数字相乘的积；如：1234 返回 24 (1*2*3*4)； 909 返回 0 (9*0*9)
1'''factorial'''2deffactorial(i):3result = 14while(i/10>1):5result *= i%106i = int(i/10)7result *=i8returnresult9print(factorial(1234),factorial(909),factorial(0))
factorial 1
1'''factorial'''2deffactorial(i):3i =str(i)4result = 15fordini:6result *=int(d)7returnresult8print(factorial(1234),factorial(909),factorial(0))
factorial 2
5. 定义 is_prime 函数，传一 int 参数，判断是否是质数（仅可被1或自己整除），若是，return True；不是，return False； 如：1 返回 True；2 返回 True；4 返回 False；13 返回 True
规定 0 不是质数，返回 False
1'''is_prime'''2defis_prime(i):3result =True4fordinrange(2,i):5if(i%d==0):6result =False7
break8if(i==0):9result =False10returnresult11print(is_prime(1),is_prime(2),is_prime(3),is_prime(4),is_prime(13),is_prime(197),is_prime(201),is_prime(0))
is_prime
6. 定义 reverse 函数，传一 str 参数，将所有字符串字符倒置并 return 该字符串；如："abcd" return "dcba"
备注：list.reverse() 及 list[::-1] 可表示 list 倒置
1'''reverse'''2defreverse(s):3l =list(s)4new_l =[]5foriinrange(len(l)-1,-1,-1):6new_l.append(l[i])7return"".join(new_l)8print(reverse("ab cd"),reverse(""))
reverse 1
'''reverse'''defreverse(s):
l=list(s)
l.reverse()#l = l[::-1]return"".join(l)print(reverse("ab cd"),reverse(""))
reverse 2
7. 定义 anti_vowel 函数，传一 str 参数，将字符串中所有的元音（a e i o u） 去除（注意大小写），并return；
如："Apple is red." return "ppl is rd."
备注：对于list，for item in list_name 即可遍历list，可以不用下标的方式，参见下方的两种方式（之后的例子也列出了两种方式）
1'''anti_vowel 1'''2defanti_vowel(s):3l =list(s)4new_l =[]5foriinrange(len(l)):6if(l[i]notin{'a','e','i','o','u','A','E','I','O','U'}):7new_l.append(l[i])8return"".join(new_l)9print(anti_vowel("Apple is red."))
anti_vowel 1
1'''anti_vowel 2'''2defanti_vowel(s):3l =list(s)4new_l =[]5forletterinl:6if(letternotin{'a','e','i','o','u','A','E','I','O','U'}):7new_l.append(letter)8return"".join(new_l)9print(anti_vowel("Apple is red."))
anti_vowel 2
8. 定义 scrabble_score 函数，传一 str 参数。预设一组词典（见下方引用），根据词典中字母对应的数值，将传入参数的每个字母数值相加
（非字母不加，注意大小写转换）；如："Word!" 分别对应取 "w": 4 , "o": 1, "r": 1,"d": 2 ， 相加为 4+1+1+2 = 8 return 该值
score = {"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 3, "e": 1, "d": 2, "g": 2, "f": 4, "i": 1, "h": 4, "k": 5, "j": 8, "m": 3, "l": 1, "o": 1, "n": 1, "q": 10, "p": 3, "s": 1, "r": 1, "u": 1, "t": 1, "w": 4, "v": 4, "y": 4, "x": 8, "z": 10}
1'''scrabble_score 1'''2defscrabble_score(s):3score = {"a": 1,"c": 3,"b": 3,"e": 1,"d": 2,"g": 2,"f": 4,"i": 1,"h": 4,"k": 5,"j": 8,"m": 3,"l": 1,"o": 1,"n": 1,"q": 10,"p": 3,"s": 1,"r": 1,"u": 1,"t": 1,"w": 4,"v": 4,"y": 4,"x": 8,"z": 10}4l =list(s)5sum =06foriinrange(len(l)):7letter =l[i].lower()8ifletterinscore.keys():9sum +=score[letter]10returnsum11print(scrabble_score("Word !"),scrabble_score("Hello World~!"))
scrabble_score 1
1'''scrabble_score 2'''2defscrabble_score(s):3score = {"a": 1,"c": 3,"b": 3,"e": 1,"d": 2,"g": 2,"f": 4,"i": 1,"h": 4,"k": 5,"j": 8,"m": 3,"l": 1,"o": 1,"n": 1,"q": 10,"p": 3,"s": 1,"r": 1,"u": 1,"t": 1,"w": 4,"v": 4,"y": 4,"x": 8,"z": 10}4l =list(s)5sum =06forletterinl:7letter =letter.lower()8ifletterinscore.keys():9sum +=score[letter]10returnsum11print(scrabble_score("Word !"),scrabble_score("Hello World~!"))
scrabble_score 2
9. 定义 censor 函数，传两个 str 参数：s, h；若 s 字符串中的单词包含 h（全小写）时（不区分大小写，暂时仅考虑空格分隔的单词），
将其隐藏，每个隐藏的字母显示为 *；该方法为不完善的隐藏字符方法，如隐藏字符后有标点，则仍会显示。（若需完善，可用正则表达式，后续学习）
如：censor("Fuck U fuck ... ","fuck") 会 return 字符串为 "**** U **** ... ";
censor("MyQQis: 1000100, pls add my QQ","qq") 会 return 字符串为 "My ** is: 1000100, pls add my **"
备注： str.split(" ") 可根据 " " 分隔字符串并返回为list； 字符串相乘，如 "*"*5 可输出 "*****"
1'''censor 1'''2defcensor(s,h):3l = s.split("")4new_l =[]5foriinrange(len(l)):6word_l =l[i].lower()7ifword_l==h:8new_l.append("*"*len(h))9else:10new_l.append(l[i])11return"".join(new_l)12print(censor("Fuck U fuck ...","fuck"))13print(censor("My qq is: 1000100, pls add my QQ","qq"))
censor 1
1'''censor 2'''2defcensor(s,h):3l = s.split("")4new_l =[]5forwordinl:6ifword.lower()==h:7new_l.append("*"*len(h))8else:9new_l.append(word)10return"".join(new_l)11print(censor("Fuck U fuck ...","fuck"))12print(censor("My qq is: 1000100, pls add my QQ","qq"))
censor 2
10. 定义 count_i 函数，传两个参数 l, item：l 为一 list，item 为任意类型元素；return l 中包含 i 的个数 ;
如： count_i([1,2,3,4,2,1,3,1.0,"1"],1) 会 return 3 (1.0 也可算入；"1" 不可算入)
count_i(["b","a","ab","a","","A"], "a") 会 return 2
count_i([["a"],"a"], ["a"]) 会 return 1； count_i([["a"],"a"], ["a "]) 会 return 0
1'''count_item 1'''2defcount_item(l,item):3count =04foriinrange(len(l)):5if(l[i]==item):6count += 17returncount8print(count_item([1,2,3,4,2,1,3,1.0,"1"],1))9print(count_item(["b","a","ab","a","","A"],"a"))10print(count_item([["a"],"a"], ["a"]),count_item([["a"],"a"], ["a"]))
count_item 1
1'''count_item 2'''2defcount_item(l,i):3count =04foriteminl:5if(item==i):6count += 17returncount8print(count_item([1,2,3,4,2,1,3,1.0,"1"],1))9print(count_item(["b","a","ab","a","","A"],"a"))10print(count_item([["a"],"a"], ["a"]),count_item([["a"],"a"], ["a"]))
count_item 2
11. 定义 purify 函数，传一 list 参数；去除该 list 中所有的奇数（该list中全为int元素）
如： purify([3,1,5,2,6,1,4]) 会 return [2,6,4]
1'''purify 1'''2defpurify(l):3l_new =[]4foriinrange(len(l)):5if(l[i]%2==0):6l_new.append(l[i])7returnl_new8print(purify([3,1,5,2,6,1,4]))
purify 1
1'''purify 2'''2defpurify(l):3l_new =[]4foriinl:5if(i%2==0):6l_new.append(i)7returnl_new8print(purify([3,1,5,2,6,1,4]))
purify 2
12. 定义 multiple 函数，传可变参数（该参数全为float），return 所有可变参数相乘的积，无参数则返回 None；
如：multiple(3,2) return 6；multiple(3.5,2) return 7.0；multiple(3.5,2,3) return 21.0；multiple(3,2,0,3,) return 0；
备注：函数调用可变个数的参数，在其参数名前加*，如*args，这些参数将被包装进一个元组
1'''multiple 1'''2defmultiple(*f):3m = 14if(len(f)==0):5returnNone6else:7foriinrange(len(f)):8m *=f[i]9returnm10print(multiple(2,3),multiple(3.5,2),multiple(3.5,2,3),multiple())
multiple 1
1'''multiple 2'''2defmultiple(*f):3m = 14if(len(f)==0):5returnNone6else:7foriinf:8m *=i9returnm10print(multiple(2,3),multiple(3.5,2),multiple(3.5,2,3),multiple())
multiple 2
13. 定义 remove_duplicate 函数，传一参数 list，删除 list 中重复的项；
如 remove_duplicate([1,2,3,1.0,1,"1"]) return [1,2,3,"1"]
备注：可用转换为集合set 来去重，但无法保留 list 之前的顺序
1'''remove_duplicate 1'''2defremove_duplicate(l):3l_new =[]4foriinrange(len(l)):5ifl[i]notinl_new:6l_new.append(l[i])7returnl_new8print(remove_duplicate([1,2,3,1.0,1,"1"]))
remove_duplicate 1
1'''remove_duplicate 2'''2defremove_duplicate(l):3l_new =[]4foriinl:5ifinotinl_new:6l_new.append(i)7returnl_new8print(remove_duplicate([1,2,3,1.0,1,"1"]))
remove_duplicate 2
1'''remove_duplicate 3'''2defremove_duplicate(l):3returnlist(set(l))4print(remove_duplicate([1,2,3,1.0,1,"1"]))
remove_duplicate 3
14. 定义 median 函数，传一参数 list，该 list 中元素均为float或int数值；
若 list 长度为奇数，return 该list 最中间的数；若 list 长度为偶数，return 该 list 最中间两个数的平均数；若 list 为空，return none
如 median([3,4,2]) return 3； median([7,2,3,4]) return 3.5 (3+4/2)
备注：须先对 list 排序，用 sorted(list_name)
1'''median'''2defmedian(l):3l =sorted(l)4l_len =len(l)5ifl_len ==0:6returnNone7elifl_len%2 == 1:8returnl[int((l_len-1)/2)]9else:10return(l[int((l_len)/2)] + l[int((l_len)/2)-1])/211print(median([]),median([3,4,2]),median([7,2,3,4]))
median