前言 今天复习一下SPRingMVC+Hibernate的搭建，本来想着将Spring-Security权限控制框架也映入其中的，但是发现内容太多了，Spring-Security的就留在下一篇吧，这篇主要搭建SpringMVC4.1.4和Hibernate4.3.8，之前也打了好多SpringMVC的，这部分已经非常的熟悉了，毕竟业开发过一年多SpringMVC的，这次持久层采用Hibernate，数据源采用c3p0，数据库暂采用MySQL，主要是想复习一下Hibernate。搭建SpringMVC+Hibernate的框架的思路如下下载地址 ：
1、设计数据库：设计好表结构，最好符合3NF，采用Hibernate tools将设计好的表自动生成对应的实体entity。
1、创建Maven项目，按需映入Maven包依赖。
2、搭建Spring：配置Spring对控件层Bean的注入。
3、搭建Hibernate：配置数据源，配置sessionFactory，配置事务，以及二级缓存ehcache的配置。
4、测试Spring+Hibernate的框架搭建，写单元测试JUnit，测试事务配置等。
5、映入SpringMVC：配置SpringMVC配置信息。
6、配置web.xml容器
7、测试三个框架的整合：Maven编译打包部署服务器，测试。
1、数据库设计 设计一个权限、角色、用户的表。自然如果一个用户可以有多个角色，一个角色多个用户所拥有；一个角色拥有多个权限，一个权限对应多个角色。所以按照数据库表结构设计，符合3NF的话我们需要5张表进行存在。表的具体信息就不列出了（可以下在源码，里面还有数据库），表关系如下：
这里面ID才用到是java的UUID（36位）
2、创建Maven项目，编写pom.xml文件 创建一个Maven的webapp项目，编写pom.xml文件，引入所需的包依赖，我这里就将所需的全部的映入了。
pom.xml文件内容如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.andy.sh</groupId>
<artifactId>springmvc_hibernate_demo</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springmvc_hibernate_demo Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring.version>4.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>4.3.8.Final</hibernate.version>
<jackson.version>2.5.0</jackson.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 使用SpringMVC需配置 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 关系型数据库整合时需配置 如hibernate jpa等 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 二级缓存ehcache -->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
<artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql连接 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.34</version>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0数据源 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5-pre10</version>
</dependency>
<!-- json -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- aop -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0-alpha-1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>springmvc_hibernate_demo</finalName>
<plugins>
<!-- Run the JUnit unit tests in an isolated classloader -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4.2</version>
<configuration>
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
<configuration>
<webXml>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml</webXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- generate java doc -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.9.1</version>
<configuration>
<javadocDirectory>target/javadoc</javadocDirectory>
<reportOutputDirectory>target/javadoc</reportOutputDirectory>
<charset>UTF-8</charset>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
<docencoding>UTF-8</docencoding>
<show>private</show>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 部署至本机 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
<artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<configuration>
<container>
<containerId>tomcat6x</containerId>
<home>D:\WebServer\apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home>
</container>
<configuration>
<type>existing</type>
<home>D:\WebServer\apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home>
</configuration>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3、引入Spring配置 编写配置文件，配置文件放在src/main/resources资源目录下（下同）。
项目所需的配置信息config.properties
#applicationconfigs
#jdbc c3p0 config
jdbc.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/work?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
jdbc.username = root
jdbc.passWord= 12345
#hibernate config
hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
hibernate.show_sql = true
hibernate.format_sql = false
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto = update
hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache = true
hibernate.cache.use_query_cache = true
hibernate.cache.region.factory_class = org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory
hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path = ehcache.xml
3.1、spring配置spring.xml的配置文件如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd">
<!-- 加载配置文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config.properties"/>
<!-- 扫描service自动注入为bean -->
<context:component-scan base-package="org.andy.work.service.impl,org.andy.work.dao.impl" />
</beans>
上面spring配置了对应包下组件bean自动注入管理，我们需要将dao,service的实现类交由spring管理，如（@Repository，@Service）。
3.2、引入日志文件配置Log4j log4j.properties的配置文件如下：
### set log levels ###
log4j.rootLogger = INFO , C , D , E
### console ###
log4j.appender.C = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.C.Target = System.out
log4j.appender.C.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.C.layout.ConversionPattern = [springmvc_hibernate_demo][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n
### log file ###
log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.D.File = ../logs/springmvc_hibernate_demo.log
log4j.appender.D.Append = true
log4j.appender.D.Threshold = INFO
log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = [springmvc_hibernate_demo][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n
### exception ###
log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.E.File = ../logs/springmvc_hibernate_demo_error.log
log4j.appender.E.Append = true
log4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR
log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = [sspringmvc_hibernate_demo][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n
4、Hibernate配置 Hibernate的配置主要包括：配置数据源c3p0，配置SessionFactory，配置事务管理器，配置事务管理，其spring-hibernate.xml文件如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd">
<!-- 配置数据源 c3p0 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
<!-- 请求超时时间 -->
<property name="checkoutTimeout" value="30000" />
<!-- 每60秒检查所有连接池中的空闲连接。默认值: 0，不检查 -->
<property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="30" />
<!-- 连接数据库连接池最大空闲时间 -->
<property name="maxIdleTime" value="30" />
<!-- 连接池初始化连接数 -->
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="5" />
<property name="minPoolSize" value="5" />
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="20" />
<!--当连接池中的连接耗尽的时候c3p0一次同时获取的连接数。默认值: 3 -->
<property name="acquireIncrement" value="5" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置hibernate的SessionFactory -->
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 注入数据源 相关信息看源码 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<!-- hibernate配置信息 -->
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">${hibernate.format_sql}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop>
<!-- 开启二级缓存 ehcache -->
<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_query_cache}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">${hibernate.cache.region.factory_class}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path">${hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path}
</prop>
</props>
</property>
<!-- 扫描hibernate注解配置的entity -->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="org.andy.work.entity" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置事务增强处理Bean，指定事务管理器 -->
<tx:advice id="transactionAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<!-- 配置详细事务处理语义 -->
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="load*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
<!-- 其他采用默认事务方式 -->
<tx:method name="*" />
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- Spring aop事务管理 -->
<aop:config>
<!-- 配置切入点 -->
<aop:pointcut id="transactionPointcut"
expression="execution(* org.andy.work.service..*Impl.*(..))" />
<!-- 指定在txAdvice切入点应用txAdvice事务增强处理 -->
<aop:advisor pointcut-ref="transactionPointcut"
advice-ref="transactionAdvice" />
</aop:config>
</beans>
上面配置了二级缓存，ehcache，相关的具体信息查看上一篇Hibernate二级缓存以及ehcache的搭建配置，下面是二级缓存的配置。
4.1、ehcache.xml的配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../config/ehcache.xsd">
<diskStore path="D:/ehcache" />
<!-- DefaultCache setting. -->
<defaultCache
maxElementsInMemory="1000"
eternal="false"
timeToIdleSeconds="120"
timeToLiveSeconds="120"
maxElementsOnDisk="1000000"
overflowToDisk="true"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
</defaultCache>
<!-- Special objects setting. -->
<cache
name="org.andy.work.entity.AcctUser"
maxElementsInMemory="2"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"
eternal="true"
diskPersistent="false"
overflowToDisk="false"
maxElementsOnDisk="1000000" />
</ehcache>
上面Hibernate二级缓存ehcache存放磁盘是D:/ehcache
5、生成业务entity实体 设计好数据表后，Hibernate的实体有工具Hibernate tools自动生成，Eclipse需要安装Hibernate tools插件（我在线安装过几次都不成功，推荐使用links离线安装，附录将介绍），所以不需要手工的书写，下面就贴一个用户信息的实体，AcctUser.java
package org.andy.work.entity;
// Generated 2015-2-3 10:43:00 by Hibernate Tools 4.0.0
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Temporal;
import javax.persistence.TemporalType;
import org.hibernate.annotations.Cache;
import org.hibernate.annotations.CacheConcurrencyStrategy;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
/**
* AcctUser generated by hbm2java
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "acct_user", catalog = "work")
@Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_WRITE)
public class AcctUser implements java.io.Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6980093847795726310L;
private String id;
private String nickName;
private String telephone;
private Date registerTime;
private Set<AcctRole> acctRoles = new HashSet<AcctRole>(0);
public AcctUser() {
}
public AcctUser(String id, String nickName) {
this.id = id;
this.nickName = nickName;
}
public AcctUser(String id, String nickName, String telephone,
Date registerTime, Set<AcctRole> acctRoles) {
this.id = id;
this.nickName = nickName;
this.telephone = telephone;
this.registerTime = registerTime;
this.acctRoles = acctRoles;
}
@Id
@Column(name = "id", unique = true, nullable = false, length = 36)
public String getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Column(name = "nick_name", nullable = false)
public String getNickName() {
return this.nickName;
}
public void setNickName(String nickName) {
this.nickName = nickName;
}
@Column(name = "telephone")
public String getTelephone() {
return this.telephone;
}
public void setTelephone(String telephone) {
this.telephone = telephone;
}
@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
@Column(name = "register_time", length = 19)
public Date getRegisterTime() {
return this.registerTime;
}
public void setRegisterTime(Date registerTime) {
this.registerTime = registerTime;
}
@JsonIgnoreProperties(value={"acctUsers", "acctAuthorities"})
@ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_WRITE)
@JoinTable(name = "acct_user_role", catalog = "work", joinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "user_id", nullable = false, updatable = false) }, inverseJoinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "role_id", nullable = false, updatable = false) })
public Set<AcctRole> getAcctRoles() {
return this.acctRoles;
}
public void setAcctRoles(Set<AcctRole> acctRoles) {
this.acctRoles = acctRoles;
}
}
上面有几个需要注意的：
上面大多数都是Hibernate tools自动生成的，但是有几个需要手动添加：
1、如果这个实体使用二级缓存的话，需要添加@cache注解；
2、如果该实体里面还有集合元素（set， map，list），如果实体要采用二级缓存，那么这些集合元素必须也添加@cache注解。
3、@JsonIgnoreProperties注解是为了防止SpringMVC在json返回时产生循环输出使用，如果不配置的话就会出现json死循环（还有多对多，一对多的属性时）。
4、@JsonIgnore这个是在转换成json是忽略该属性，而@JsonIgnoreProperties(value={"acctUsers", "acctAuthorities"})则是忽略acctRoles里面的acctUsers和acctAuthorites属