之前如果对asp.netWebAPI 进行单元测试（HttpClient 发起请求，并且可调试 WebAPI），一般采用 Owin 的方式，具体参考：《开发笔记：用 Owin Host 实现脱离 IIS 跑 Web API 单元测试》
示例代码：
publicclassValuesWebApiTest : IDisposable
{PRivateconststringHOST_ADDRESS ="http://localhost:8001";privateIDisposable _webApp;privateHttpClient _httClient;publicAdTextUnitWebApiTest()
{
_webApp = WebApp.Start<Startup>(HOST_ADDRESS);
Console.WriteLine("Web API started!");
_httClient =newHttpClient();
_httClient.BaseAddress=newUri(HOST_ADDRESS);
Console.WriteLine("HttpClient started!");
}
[Fact]publicasync TaskGet()
{varresponse = await _httClient.GetAsync("/api/values");if(response.StatusCode!= HttpStatusCode.OK)
{
Console.WriteLine(response.StatusCode);
Console.WriteLine((await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<HttpError>()).ExceptionMessage);
}
Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.OK, response.StatusCode);vartest = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
Console.WriteLine(await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync());
}publicvoidDispose()
{
_httClient.Dispose();
_webApp.Dispose();
}
}
本来想在 ASP.NET 5 WebAPI 项目中，也用这一套测试代码，但发现并不适用，因为 ASP.NET WebAPI 2 和 ASP.NET 5 WebAPI 并不是特别一样，比如 Startup.cs 的配置等等，之前使用WebApp.Start<Startup>(HOST_ADDRESS)的方式启动 WebAPI 项目，而 ASP.NET 5 WebAPI 变成了这样的：
publicstaticvoidMain(string[] args) => Webapplication.Run<Startup>(args);
想用WebApplication.Run的方式替换掉WebApp.Start，但发现并不可行，比如 args 的参数问题，自己想的有点简单了，后来 Google 搜索了一些资料，发现 ASP.NET 5 增加了 TestServer，自己找资料配置了很久，看别人的示例代码很简单，但我运行的时候就是各种报错，主要原因是程序包的版本不对，因为我是按照 project.json 的提示安装的，比如Microsoft.AspNet.TestHost这个程序包，提示最新版本为1.0.0-rc2-15960，并且没有1.0.0-rc1-final版本，然后我就安装提示安装的 rc2，就报下面的异常：
[flash=500,400]http://s1.knowsky.com/20160211/des3jcc2joa48.png[/flash]
异常信息：Could not load type 'Microsoft.AspNet.Builder.RequestDelegate' from assembly 'Microsoft.AspNet.Http.Abstractions, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=adb9793829ddae60'.
根据提示，我以为异常原因是没有加载Microsoft.AspNet.Http.Abstractions程序集，然后又添加此程序集，重新运行发现还是报错。。。后面具体的过程就不记录了，反正坑很大，根本原因是Microsoft.AspNet.TestHost程序包的版本不对，应该安装1.0.0-rc1-final版本，我是后来无意间重启 VS2015 发现的。
下面贴一下 ASP.NET 5 进行单元测试的一些代码。
首先 ASP.NET 5 WebAPI 项目 Startup.cs 配置代码：
usingMicrosoft.AspNet.Builder;usingMicrosoft.AspNet.Hosting;usingMicrosoft.Extensions.Configuration;usingMicrosoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;usingMicrosoft.Extensions.Logging;namespaceDemo.WebApi{publicclassStartup
{publicStartup(IHostingEnvironment env)
{// Set up configuration sources.varbuilder =newConfigurationBuilder()
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json")
.AddEnvironmentVariables();
Configuration = builder.Build();
}publicIConfigurationRoot Configuration {get;set; }// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.publicvoidConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{// Add framework services.services.AddMvc();
}// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.publicvoidConfigure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
loggerFactory.AddConsole(Configuration.GetSection("Logging"));
loggerFactory.AddDebug();
app.UseIISPlatformHandler();
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseMvc();
}// Entry point for the application.publicstaticvoidMain(string[] args) => WebApplication.Run<Startup>(args);
}
}
ValuesWebApiTest 测试代码：
usingMicrosoft.AspNet.Hosting;usingMicrosoft.AspNet.TestHost;usingMicrosoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;usingMicrosoft.Extensions.Logging;namespaceDemo.WebApiTests{publicclassValuesWebApiTest
{publicTestServer _server;publicValuesWebApiTest()
{
_server = TestServer.Create(app =>
{varenv = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<IHostingEnvironment>();varloggerFactory = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<ILoggerFactory>();newCNBlogs.Ad.WebApi.Startup(env).Configure(app, env, loggerFactory);
}, services =>
{
services.AddMvc();
services.Configure();
});
}
}
[Fact]publicasync TaskGet()
{varresponse = await _server.CreateClient().GetAsync("/api/values");if(response.StatusCode!= HttpStatusCode.OK)
{
Console.WriteLine(response.StatusCode);
Console.WriteLine((await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<HttpError>()).ExceptionMessage);
}
Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.OK, response.StatusCode);vartest = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
Console.WriteLine(await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync());
}
}
project.json 配置代码：
{"frameworks":{"dnx451":{}},"dependencies":{"Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.WebApiCompatShim":"6.0.0-rc1-final","Microsoft.Net.Http":"2.2.29","Microsoft.AspNet.TestHost":"1.0.0-rc1-final","xunit":"2.1.0","xunit.runner.dnx":"2.1.0-rc1-build204"},"commands":{"test":"xunit.runner.dnx"}}
运行测试成功，并且可以 Debug 调试，需要注意 using 引用（没用的我都去掉了），还有程序包的版本号。
参考资料：
Integration testing ASP.NET 5 and ASP.NET MVC 6 applications | StrathWeb. A free flowing web tech monologue.Writing integration tests for ASP.NET 5Testing asp.net 5 vnext middleware from a TestServer - Stack Overflow