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Oracle 11g DataGuard 配置

王朝学院·作者佚名 2009-12-01

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Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - 64bit Production

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.3 (Tikanga)

一、测试环境准备

1.主库和备库oracle版本一致，运行在相同平台如linux,服务器硬件可以不一样。

2.Primary 数据库必须运行于归档模式，并且务必确保在primary 数据库上打开FORCE LOGGING，以避免用户通过nologging 等方式避免写redo 造成对应的操作无法传输到standby 数据库。

3.Primary 和standby 数据库均可应用于单实例或RAC 架构下，并且同一个data guard 配置可以混合使用逻辑standby 和物理standby.

4.建议数据库必须采用相同的存储架构。比如存储采用ASM/OMF 的话，那不分primarty 或是standby也都需要采用ASM/OMF。

5.standby库的环境和primary一致。

二、调整主库

1.将主数据库改为强制产生日志模式

alter database force logging;

2. 创建密码

orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwtest password=test entries=3

3. 修改主库的初始化参数

db_unique_name ='test01'

db_name指定数据库的名称，db_unique_name指定了数据库（主库和备库）的不同名称，是对db_name的唯一的标识。其实是为了区分db_name名一样的数据库，方便应用和管理。是10g以后的参数。

log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(test01,test02)'

test01,test02是.db_unique_name

log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/arch/test/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=test01'

log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=test_db_02 LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=test02'

确定log_archive_dest_state_1

log_archive_dest_state_1= enable #默认就是enable

log_archive_dest_state_2= enable

/*以下部分为主机切换为备库使用*/

fal_server=test_db_02

fal_client=test_db_01

standby_file_management=auto

#如果主备库文件或路径不同

db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test'

log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test'

建议参数文件使用spfile，这样可以在不停库使用命令修改参数。

4. 确保数据库运行在archivelog模式下

SQL> archive log list

Database log mode No Archive Mode

Automatic archival Disabled

Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence 2

Current log sequence 4

把数据库调整为archivelog模式下

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup mount

SQL> alter database archivelog ;

SQL> alter database open;

5.在主库上创建备用日志（为切换而用）

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;#未执行

SQL>ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 4 SIZE 50M;

SQL>ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 5 SIZE 50M;

SQL>ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 6 SIZE 50M;

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/standby/test

SQL>alter database add standby logfile group 4('/u01/app/oracle/standby/test/stdby_redo04.log') size 50M;

SQL>alter database add standby logfile group 5('/u01/app/oracle/standby/test/stdby_redo05.log') size 50M;

SQL>alter database add standby logfile group 6('/u01/app/oracle/standby/test/stdby_redo06.log') size 50M;

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;#未执行

三、创建standby database

1. 在standby database 创建pwdfile

orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwtest password=test entries=3

密码要与primary database相同

2. 修改standby database初始化参数

与primary database不同的参数如下:

db_unique_name=test02

log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/arch/test valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=test02'

log_archive_dest_2='service=test_db_01 ARCH ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=test01'

fal_client='test_db_02'

fal_server='test_db_01'

db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST01/datafile','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST02/datafile'

log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST01/onlinelog','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST02/onlinelog', '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/TEST01/onlinelog','/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/TEST01/onlinelog'

修改完之后用如下语句查看

SQL> select * from V$DATAGUARD_CONFIG;

DB_UNIQUE_NAME

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

test01

test02

4.创建好相应目录，dump文件目录，数据文件目录，归档目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/arch/test

5. 配置standby database的listener.ora 和tnsnames.ora文件同主库

重起监听并检验是否可以tnsping通

6. 启动standby database到nomount状态

SQL> startup nomount

7. 用RMAN的duplicate功能创建standby database，11g可以不做备份直接复制到备库：

RMAN> rman auxiliary /

connect target sys/test@test_db_01

duplicate target database for standby dorecover nofilenamecheck;

检查standby database的状态

SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;

SQL> select sequence# ,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence#;

8.开始Redo应用

主库

SQL> alter system archive log current;

备库，11g可以只读打开库应用日志

SQL> alter database open read only;

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

也可以使用alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;应用日志。

没有using current logfile是去apply standby archived log.

有using current logfile是当日志传到standby redo log的时候就去应用，是real-time的，必须要有standby redo log.

四.备用服务器的管理模式与只读模式

1.启动到管理模式

SQL>shutdown immediate;

SQL>startup nomount;

SQL>alter database mount standby database;

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

2.启动到只读方式

SQL>shutdown immediate;

SQL>startup nomount;

SQL>alter database mount standby database;

SQL>alter database open read only;

（3）如果在管理恢复模式下到只读模式

SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;

SQL> alter database open read only;

这个时候，可以给数据库增加临时数据文件（这个在热备份的时候是没有备份过来的）

如

alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/u02/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100M;

5.从只读方式到管理恢复方式

SQL> recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

五.主备切换

主库

lsnrctl stop

SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup mount;

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;

lsnrctl start

备库

SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup

六.附件

以下是配置文件内容：

listener.ora

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle6)(PORT = 1521))

)

tnsnames.ora

TEST_DB_02 =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.202.5)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = test02)

)

TEST_DB_01 =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.202.6)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = test01)

)

pfile

test.__db_cache_size=1526726656

test.__java_pool_size=16777216

test.__large_pool_size=16777216

test.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

test.__pga_aggregate_target=1342177280

test.__sga_target=2013265920

test.__shared_io_pool_size=0

test.__shared_pool_size=436207616

test.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/test/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.compatible='11.1.0.0.0'

*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/control03.ctl'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain='greatsky.com'

*.db_name='test'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648

*.db_unique_name='test01'

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=testXDB)'

*.fal_client='TEST_DB_01'

*.fal_server='TEST_DB_02'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(test01,test02)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/arch/test/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=test01'