Fundamentals of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics地球物理流体动力学基础
分類: 图书,进口原版书,科学与技术 Science & Techology ,
作者: James C. McWilliams著
出 版 社:
出版时间: 2006-7-1字数:版次: 1页数: 249印刷时间: 2006/07/01开本: 16开印次: 1纸张: 胶版纸I S B N : 9780521856379包装: 挂图编辑推荐
作者简介:James C. McWilliams is Louis B. Slichter Professor of Earth Sciences in the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California at Los Angeles.
内容简介
Earth's atmosphere and oceans exhibit complex patterns of fluid motion over a vast range of space and time scales. These patterns combine to establish the climate in response to solar radiation that is inhomogeneously absorbed by the materials comprising air, water, and land. Spontaneous, energetic variability arises from instabilities in the planetary-scale circulations, appearing in many different forms such as waves, jets, vortices, boundary layers, and turbulence. Geophysical fluid dynamics (GFD) is the science of all these types of fluid motion. This textbook is a concise and accessible introduction to GFD for intermediate to advanced students of the physics, chemistry, and/or biology of Earth's fluid environment. The book was developed from the author's many years of teaching a first-year graduate course at the University of California, Los Angeles. Readers are expected to be familiar with physics and mathematics at the level of general dynamics (mechanics) and partial differential equations.
目录
Preface
Symbols
1 Purposes and value of geophysical fluid dynamics Fundamental dynamics
2.1 Fluid dynamics
2.1.1 Representations
2.1.2 Governing equations
2.1.3 Boundary and initial conditions
2.1.4 Energy conservation
2.1.5 Divergence, vorticity, and strain rate
2.2 Oceanic approximations
2.2.1 Mass and density
2.2.2 Momentum
2.2.3 Boundary conditions
2.3 Atmospheric approximations
2.3.1 Equation of state for an ideal gas
2.3.2 A stratified resting state
2.3.3 Buoyancy oscillations and convection
2.3.4 Hydrostatic balance
2.3.5 Pressure coordinates
2.4 Earth's rotation
2.4.1 Rotating coordinates
2.4.2 Geostrophic balance
2.4.3 Inertial oscillations
3Barotropic and vortex dynamics
3.1 Barotropic equations
3.1.1 Circulation
3.1.2 Vorticity and potential vorticity
3.1.3 Divergence and diagnostic force balance
3.1.4 Stationary, inviscid flows
3.2 Vortex movement
3.2.1 Point vortices
3.2.2 Chaos and limits of predictability
3.3 Barotropic and centrifugal instability
3.3.1 Rayleigh's criterion for vortex stability
3.3.2 Centrifugal instability
3.3.3 Barotropic instability of parallel flows
3.4 Eddy-mean interaction
3.5 Eddy viscosity and diffusion
3.6 Emergence of coherent vortices
3.7 Two-dimensional turbulence
4Rotating shallow-water and wave dynamics
4.1 Rotating shallow-water equations
4.1.1 Integral and parcel invariants
4.2 Linear wave solutions
4.2.1 Geostrophic mode
4.2.2 Inertia-gravity waves
4.2.3 Kelvin waves
4.3 Geostrophic adjustment
4.4 Gravity wave steepening: bores and breakers
4.5 Stokes drift and material transport
4.6 Quasigeostrophy
4.7 Rossby waves
4.8 Rossby-wave emission
4.8.1 Vortex propagation on the/3-plane
4.8.2 Eastern boundary Kelvin wave
5Baroclinic and jet dynamics
5.1 Layered hydrostatic model
5.1.1 Two-layer equations
5.1.2 N-layer equations
5.1.3 Vertical modes
……
6. Boundary-layer and wind-gyre dynamics
Afterword
Exercises
Bibliography
Index