语言哲学:在现代西方语言学的背后
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品牌: 丁言仁
基本信息·出版社：上海外语教育出版社
·页码：313 页
·出版日期：2009年
·ISBN：7544611590
·条形码：9787544611596
·包装版本：1版
·装帧：平装
·开本：32
·正文语种：中文/英语
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内容简介《语言哲学：在现代西方语言学的背后》从语言学和哲学角度来论述语言学的理论基础，将两者紧密结合起来，不仅符合当今跨学科研究的发展趋势，有助于加强语言学界和哲学界的紧密合作，而且有利于加深语言学学习者对语言学理论的认识。全书脉络清晰，语言简洁流畅，论述深入浅出，对大学教师和在读学生都有重要的指导意义。
编辑推荐《语言哲学:在现代西方语言学的背后》为上海外语教育出版社出版发行。
目录
PREFACE
前言
PART ONE Early Development
Unit 1 Language in Ancient Chinese Philosophy
Unit 2 Language in Ancient Greek Philosophy
Unit 3 0verview of the Discussions
PART TWO Battles over Reference
Unit 4 0nset of the Controversy
Unit 5 The Dominance of Description Theory
Unit 6 Seesaw Struggle with the Foes
Unit 7 The Final Demise
Unit 8 Rise of a New Power
Unit 9 Combating Puzzles and Challenges
Unit 10 Getting Trapped in Problems
Unit 11 Comparing the Two Armies
Unit 12 Renovating the Causal Theory
Unit 13 Extending the Causal Theory
PART THREE Meaning as Intension
Unit 14 John Locke and the Idea Theory
Unit 15 Focus on Propositions
Unit 16 Verifying the Proposition
Unit 17 Finding Truth Conditions
PART FOUR Meaning as Use
Unit 18 Early and Later Wittgenstein
Unit 19 0rdinary Language Philosophy and the“Thought
Experiment”
Unit 20 Speaker Meaning and Sentence Meaning
Unit 21 Austin'S Speech Act Theory
Unit 22 The Cooperative Principle
Unit 23 Conversational Implicature
Unit 24 The Impact of Austin and Grice
PART FIVE Language as Mental System
Unit 25 Trapped in the Movie Show：Structuralism
Unit 26 Putting the Cart before the Horse：Linguistic Relativism
Unit 27 Universal Grammar and the Chomskyan Defense
Unit 28 Criticizing the Master
Unit 29 The Importance of Idiom Competence
Unit 30 Seeking an Alternative
PART SIX Epi logue
Unit 31 Being a Good Language Learner
REFERENCES
lNDEX
……[看更多目录]
序言意义是什么？语言又是什么？它究竟是怎样产生和发展的？这是一些根本性的而语言学的实证研究又尚不能回答的问题，语言哲学则是一门试图回答这些问题的学科。
本书用简洁的语言介绍对现代西方语言学、应用语言学发展有过或有着重要影响的一些西方语言哲学流派，如描写理论、真值理论学派、日常语言学派（语用学派）、索绪尔结构主义、沃尔夫语言相对论、乔姆斯基生成学派等。在介绍这些流派的同时，本书作者围绕语言起源及发展变化的原因等语言哲学的根本性问题，对这些学派作了一定的分析和评论。内容可以分为四个题目：
一,讨论指称（reference）问题。语言哲学各流派间争议最大的问题是意义（meaning）的真谛，而争议的焦点集中在指称在意义中的地位。密尔的直接指称理论认为意义即指称；弗雷格、罗素的描述理论批评了直接指称理论对意义认识的简单化，强调单词的含义（sense）或者限定描述（definite description）在意义中的重要性，而普特南、克里普克的起因指称理论重新强调指称的重要，认为在限定描述有缺失甚至有错误的情况下指称仍然可以实现。这些理论有各自的贡献和缺陷。根据语言学、应用语言学一些研究成果推测，语言意义来源于社会交往、来源于语言使用的实践。尽管意义一经产生就具备相对于现实世界的独立性，但它的变化和发展仍旧决定于社会实践。
文摘Similar to Confucius, Plato （427- 347 B.C.） also founded an academy,established in Athens as a center for training statesmen. The academy was said to be the first university in the West, and philosophy, rhetoric, politics, math, and physical sciences were taught here. Legend has it that Plato even expelled his students who did not do well in math.
Plato's philosophical stance can be best illustrated by his theory of Forms. According to this theory, true things are not the objects we see, hear, smell, taste or feel in the real world;rather, they are Ideal Forms, the perfect modals of qualities and objects that we can only grasp intellectually, i.e., by logical inference. These Forms will remain ideal since we will never be able to see them, feel them or touch them; we can only experience their manifestations, which will always be individual and imperfect. Let's look at two examples of Ideal Forms.
Example 1:The concept of circularity is a Form. If you know a little bit of geometry, you know what it is, but you may experience difficulty if you try to explain it to a five-year-old. To demonstrate what it is, you may take out various round objects, coins, plates, bowls, wheels, and balls, but none of them are perfectly circular; they only approach ideal circularity. They manifest circularity but can never be as perfect as the Form itself.
