功能陶瓷的显微结构、性能与制备技术(Microstructure,Property and Processing of Functional Caramics)

基本信息·出版社：冶金工业出版社

·页码：365 页

·出版日期：2009年09月

·ISBN：7502445714

·条形码：9787502445713

·包装版本：第1版

·装帧：精装

·开本：16

·正文语种：英语

·外文书名：Microstructure,Property and Processing of Functional Caramics

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内容简介《功能陶瓷的显微结构、性能与制备技术》内容简介：Microstructure, Property and Processing of Functional Ceramics describes thepreparation, property and local structure microscopy of functional ceramics.It covers functional ceramic fabrication processing, grain boundary phenom-ena and micro-, nanoscale structures characterizations including scanningelectron acoustic microscopy, scanning probe acoustic microscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy.This book is intended for advanced undergraduates, graduates and research-ers in the field of materials science, microelectronics, optoelectronics andmicroscopy.

作者简介Qingrui Yin and Binghe Zhu both are professors at the Shanghai Institute ofCeramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences;

Dr. Huarong Zeng is an associateprofessor at the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy ofSciences.

编辑推荐《功能陶瓷的显微结构、性能与制备技术》由冶金工业出版社出版。

目录

1 Microstructure and Properties of Functional Ceramics

1.1 General Description

1.2 Grain

1.2.1 Grain category

1.2.2 Grain properties

1.3 Grain Boundary Structures

1.3.1 Concepts of grain boundary structures

1.3.2 Properties of grain boundary structures

1.3.3 Nano grain boundary structures

1.4 Pore Phases

1.5 Domain Structure

1.6 Mechanical Properties of Ferroelectric Ceramics

1.6.1 General

1.6.2 Electric domain and internal stress

1.6.3 PLZT ceramics and internal stress

1.6.4 PTC ceramics and internal stress

1.6.5 Aging:

1.7 Capacitor Ceramics

1.7.1 Ordinary dielectric materials for capacitor

1.7.2 Relaxor ferroelectric materials

1.7.3 Microwave dielectric materials

1.8 Piezoelectric Ceramics

1.8.1 Microstructures of piezoelectric ceramics

1.8.2 Properties of piezoelectric ceramics

1.9 Transparent Ferroelectric Ceramics

1.9.1 Microstructures of transparent ferroelectric ceramics

1.9.2 Experimental method and two phases of PLZT ceramics

1.9.3 Domain switching properties of PLZT ceramics

1.9.4 Grain boundaries in PLZT ceramics

1.9.5 Summary

1.10 Thermistor Materials

1.10.1 Microstructures and properties of PTC materials

1.10.2 NTC materials and segregation at grain boundaries

1.11 Varistor Materials

1.12 Ceramics for Humidity Sensitive Resistor

1.13 Magnetic Ceramics

1.14 Biologically Functional Ceramics

1.15 Functional Ceramic Films

1.16 Alumina Ceramics

1.17 Summary

References

2 Grain Boundary Phenomena of Functional Ceramics

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Generalization of Grain Boundary

2.2.1 Grain boundary structure

2.2.2 Grain boundary properties

2.3 Grain Boundary Segregation

2.3.1 Generalization

2.3.2 Boundary layer capacitors

2.3.3 PTC materials

2.3.4 Magnetic ceramics

2.3.5 ZnO varistor materials

2.3.6 Other examples of segregation

2.4 Grain Boundary Region

2.4.1 General description about grain boundary region

2.4.2 Grain boundary region of BaTiO3 ceramics

2.4.3 Grain boundary region of PLZT ceramics

2.4.4 Grain boundary region and stress

2.4.5 "Core-shell" structure

2.5 Grain Boundary Migration

2.5.1 Generalization

2.5.2 Centripetal and acentric grain boundary migration

2.5.3 Liquid phase and abnormal grain growth during sintering

2.6 Relation between Grain Boundary and Properties

2.6.1 Influence on mechanical properties

2.6.2 Influence on electric properties

2.7 Summary

References

3 Near-field Acoustic Microscopy of Functional Ceramics

3.1 Introduction

3.2 History and Development of Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy

3.3 Physical Principle of SEAM Imaging

3.4 Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy Image Processing System

3.5 Theory Studies of Electron-acoustic Imaging

3.6 SEAM Imaging of Ferroic and Other Materials

3.6.1 SEAM imaging features of ferroelectric domains

3.6.2 Electron-acoustic imaging of ferroelectric materials

3.6.3 Ferroelectric Bi4Ti3O12 single crystal

3.6.4 Ferroelasitc NdP5O6 single crystal

3.7 Magnetic Domains in Austenitic Steel

3.8 Modulation Frequency Dependence of SEAM Imaging Domain Structures

3.9 Electric Field Dependence of SEAM Imaging Domains

3.10 Temperature Dependence of Ferroelastic Domains in PMN- PT Single Crystals

3.11 SEAM imaging of Other Materials

3.11.1 Residual stress distribution in Ti3N4 coatings

3.11.2 Stress distribution in ferroelectric composites

3.11.3 Stress distribution in Si3N4 and ZrSiO4 ceramics

3.11.4 Stress distribution of A1 metal

3.11.5 Surface structures and internal defects in lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

3.11.6 Phase transitions in superconductor ceramics

3.11.7 SEAM imaging of MEMS devices

3.12 Scanning Probe Acoustic Microscopy

3.12.1 Tip-vibration mode scanning probe acoustic microscope

3.12.2 Sample-vibration mode scanning probe acoustic microscopy

3.13 Comparisons of SEAM with SPAM

References

4 Piezoresponse Force Microscopy of Functional Ceramics

4.1 Introduction

4.2 History and Development of Scanning Probe Microcopy

4.3 Piezoresponse Force Microscopy

4.3.1 Operation principle

4.3.2 PFM imaging features

4.4 PFM Imaging of Ferroelectric Domains

4.4.1 Ferroelectric thin films

4.4.2 Ferroelectric ceramics

4.4.3 Ferroelectric single crystals

4.5 Dynamic Behavior of Nanoscale Domain Structure

4.5.1 Domain writing

4.5.2 Domain nucleation and reversal

4.6 PFM and SPAM Characterization of Ferroelectric Materials

4.6.1 Bi4Ti3O12 lead-free ceramics

4.6.2 PMN-PT single crystal

4.7 Summary

References

5 Fabrication Processes for Functional Ceramics

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Capacitor ceramics

5.1.2 Ferrite ceramics

5.1.3 Corundum ceramics

5.1.4 Piezoelectric ceramics

5.1.5 PTC ceramics

5.1.6 Varistor ceramics

5.1.7 Superconductor ceramics

5.2 Raw Material and Powder Preparation

5.2.1 Ball mill mixing and grinding

5.2.2 Powder preparation by oxide methods

5.2.3 Powder preparation by co-precipitation

5.2.4 Powder preparation by sol-gel method

5.2.5 Powder preparation by hydrothermal method

5.2.6 Powder preparation by spray pyrolysis

5.3 Shaping and Forming of Functional Ceramics

5.3.1 Processing of thin films

5.3.2 Processing of thick films

5.3.3 Dry pressing

5.3.4 Iso-static pressing

5.3.5 Hot injection moulding

5.3.6 Slip casting

5.4 Sintering

5.4.1 Sintering mechanisms

5.4.2 Sintering process

5.4.3 Grain growth

5.4.4 Abnormal grain growth

5.4.5 The effects of pressure and atmosphere on sintering

5.4.6 Pressure sintering

5.4.7 Micro-porosity sintering

5.4.8 Microwave sintering

5.5 Mechanical Finishing

5.6 Electroding

5.6.1 Electroding from silver paste

5.6.2 Electroding from nickel plating

5.6.3 Other electroding methods

References

6 Review and Prospect of Functional Ceramics

6.1 Evolution of Ceramics

6.2 Development of Functional Ceramics and Relation with Other Factors

6.3 Importance and Complexity of Understanding Functional Ceramic Effects and Mechanism

6.4 Emphasis of Ceramic Processing

6.5 Future Development of Functional Ceramics

6.5.1 Dielectric ceramics and devices

6.5.2 Chip type ceramic devices

6.5.3 High performance, high temperature piezoelectric ceramics

6.5.4 Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

6.5.5 Thermoelectric ceramics

6.5.6 Functional ceramic films

6.5.7 Functional crystals

6.5.8 Battery materials

6.5.9 High temperature superconductive ceramics

6.5.10 Fabrication of ceramic micro-components

References

Index

Appendix

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序言The functional ceramic materials （FCM） are potential for use in many electronicdevices such as optical waveguides, non-volatile dynamic random accessmemories, micromotors, microactuators, thin film capacitors, and pyroelectricinfrared detectors. FCM possesses unique properties like piezoelectricity,pyroelectricity, photoelectricity, photo-acoustic effect, photorefractive behavior,and non-linear optical activity that are closely depends closely on the commontheme of composition-preparation-structure-property relationships in the solid state,especially microstructures （grain, grain boundary and domain structures, etc.） andtheir dynamic response to mechanical, electrical and optical loads at nanometerscale. Thus it is very important to understand the physical phenomenologicalbehavior of ferroelectric structures and their dynamic evolution in nanoscalevolumes. This is the context that motivated the publication of this book.The aim of this book is to present recent advances in the fabrication process offunctional ceramic materials and their property study, particularly, in-depthobservation/analysis of microstructures using the custom-built scanning electronacoustic microscopy （SEAM）, acoustic and piezoresponse mode scanning probemicroscopy based on atomic force microscopy. Along with the generally acceptedconcepts and experimental results there are numerous applications of functionalceramics and devices in industry. We hope that this book will make the readersaware of tremendous developments in the field of microstructure characterizationand functional ceramic preparations.The first two chapters address fundamentals of microstructures in the functionalceramics. Chapter 1 presents the formation mechanism of microstructuresincluding grains, grain boundaries, pores, domain structures, and their correlationswith properties and processing for some typical ceramics like PLZT （leadlanthanum zirconate titanate） ceramics, PTC （positive temperature coefficient）ceramics, piezoelectric ceramics, ferroelectric ceramics, and so on. Chapter 2discusses grain boundary phenomena such as grain boundary segregation andmigration in the functional ceramics.

文摘插图：

According to Petzow, all phase regions and flaws contained in structures wouldbe reflected in microstructures, which determine many properties of materials.According to Pask（1984）, microstructures should include sizes and distribution ofgrains and pores, phase composition and distribution, nature of grain boundaryand its defects and flaws, composition homogeneity as well as domain structures.Ceramics are materials derived from powdery raw materials through variousprocessing,and possess specific microstructures and properties. Thusmicrostructures comprehensively reflect previous processing, and bring specificproperties to materials. Microstructural analysis is also important for determiningphase diagrams, providing bases for property analysis, instructing modification onformulation, processing improvement, production rationalization, and failureanalysis. The following are several examples which further explain the importanceof microstructure analysis. Example 1: There was a newly built transformer substation in Shanghai. In avery hot summer the elevated temperature caused a dramatical rise of the oilpressure with a ceramic container, and gave a blast on it. Luckily, it happenedduring the trial run, otherwise it would probably have caused life threat and powershut down for a massive area. The microstructural analysis afterwards on thatceramic debris showed that the silica particle had sharp boundaries in thehigh-tension insulator ceramics, which provided evidences that silica particles didnot fully melt and react with feldspar and other glass flits during sintering whilethe boundaries of silica particle of normal insulating ceramics are corroded withglass phases. The microstructure demonstrated that the ceramic body had not beenfully sintered, thus it had low tensile strength and couldn't survival under high oilpressure.Example 2: At a PTC heater manufacturer in Cixi city of Zhejiang province,the cerami

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