如题，请翻译这个专业的名称，并介绍一下该专业的研究领域是什么
參考答案:4篇健康GIS论文（SCI）第四篇:Exploratory spatial data analysis for the identification of risk factors
[日期：2006-12-01] 来源： 作者： [字体：大 中 小]
Jilei Wu, Jinfeng Wang, Bin Meng, Gong Chen, Lihua Pang,Xinming Song, Keli Zhang, Ting Zhang and Xiaoying Zheng
Background: Birth defects, which are the major cause of infant mortality and a leading cause of disability,refer to "Any anomaly, functional or structural, that presents in infancy or later in life and is caused by events preceding birth, whether inherited, or acquired (ICBDMS)". However, the risk factors associated with heredity and/or environment are very difficult to filter out accurately. This study selected an area with the highest ratio of neural-tube birth defect (NTBD) occurrences worldwide to identify the scale of environmental risk factors for birth defects using exploratory spatial data analysis methods.
Methods: By birth defect registers based on hospital records and investigation in villages, the number of birth defects cases within a four-year period was acquired and classified by organ system. The neural-tube birth defect ratio was calculated according to the number of births planned for each village in the study area, as the family planning policy is strictly adhered to in China. The Bayesian modeling method was used
to estimate the ratio in order to remove the dependence of variance caused by different populations in each village. A recently developed statistical spatial method for detecting hotspots, Getis's [7], was
used to detect the high-risk regions for neural-tube birth defects in the study area.
Results: After the Bayesian modeling method was used to calculate the ratio of neural-tube birth defects occurrences, Getis's statistics method was used in different distance scales. Two typical clustering phenomena were present in the study area. One was related to socioeconomic activities, and the other was related to soil type distributions.
Conclusion: The fact that there were two typical hotspot clustering phenomena provides evidence that the risk for neural-tube birth defect exists on two different scales (a socioeconomic scale at 6.84 km and
a soil type scale at 22.8 km) for the area studied. Although our study has limited spatial exploratory data for the analysis of the neural-tube birth defect occurrence ratio and for finding clues to risk factors, this
result provides effective clues for further physical, chemical and even more molecular laboratory testing according to these two spatial scales.
Published: 18 June 2004
BMC Public Health 2004, 4:23
Received: 09 October 2003
Accepted: 18 June 2004
This article is available from:
© 2004 Wu et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL.
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