Indoor air quality for poor famliles:new evidence from banglandesh .
poor households in Banglandesh depend heavily on wood, dung and other biomass fuels for cooking.This paper provides a detailed analysis of the implications for indoor air pollution （TAP），drawing on new 24-h monitoring data for respirable airborne particulates (PM(10)).A stratified sample of 236 households was selected in Dhaka and Nnarayanganj, with a particular focus on fuel use, cooking locations,structural materials,ventilation practices,and other potential determinants of exposure to IAP.At each household,PM(10) concentrations in the kitchen and living room were monitored for a 24-h period during December,2003-february, 2004. Concentrations of 300 mug/(3) or greater are common in our sample, implying widespread exposure to a serious health hazard.Aregression analysis for these 236 households was then conducted to explore the relationships between PM(10) concentrations,fuel choices and a large set of variables that describe household cooking and ventilation practices, structure characteristics and building materials. As expected, our econometric results indicate that fuel choice significantly affects indoor pollution levels: natral gas and kerosene are significantly cleaner than biomass fuels. However, household-specific factors apparently matter more than fuel choice in determining PM(10) concentrations. In some biomass-burning households,concentrations are scarcely higher than in households that use natural gas. Our results suggest that cross-household variation is strongly affected by structural arrangements:cooking locations,construction materials,and ventilation practices. A large variation in PM(10) was also found during the 24-h cycle within households. For exsmple, within the `dritiest` firewood-using household in our sample, readings over the 24-h cycle varyfrom 68 to 4864 mug/m(3). Such variation occurs because houses can recycle air very quickly in Bangladesh.
參考答案:室内空气品质欠佳的家庭有了来自孟加拉的新证据. 孟加拉的贫困家庭依赖木材、 粪便等生物质燃料做饭.这份文件提供了对室内空气污染详尽的分析, 借助24小时监测数据可吸入颗粒物空降. 分层抽样选出在Dhaka和Nnarayanganj的236个家庭, 其中特别着重用燃料、 烹饪位置、结构材料、通风做法和其他潜在的风险因素的用户,分厨房、客厅浓度，监测为24小时。据2003年12月到2004年一月分析报告. 300杯浓度/(3)或更多在样品中是常见的，言下之意健康普遍受到了严重危害，这236户分析当时的关系进行了探讨(10)浓度时,燃料选择、一大套变量描述家庭烹饪、通风做法 结构特点建材.果然,我们的计量结果表明,影响室内污染程度明显燃料选择: 天然气和煤油都是大大超过生物清洁燃料. 但是,家庭因素显然具体事多燃料选择确定分(10)的浓度. 一些生物户,几乎都是浓度高于户使用天然气. 我们提示过受家庭结构变化的强烈安排:烹饪地点、建材、通风做法. 大变化时(10)也发现,在24小时周期内的住户.举例说明，在用柴的家庭里用的样品,读数超过24小时时变化从68至4864周期杯/米(3). 出现这种变化,因为在孟加拉房子可以空气循环很快.
