SUMMARY OF RESEARCH:
Trials were established in Plymouth, North Carolina, in 2002-03 and 2003-04. The
experimental design was a split-plot with 4 replications (main plots=field soil treatments;
split plot= transplant treatments). Strawberry runner tips were planted in treated potting
mix and maintained in a greenhouse for 4 weeks to produce plug transplants. The potting
mix was amended with Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 (Rootshield®), Trichoderma
hamatum strain T382, and untreated. Plug transplants were established in field soil in
October 2002 and 2003. Field treatments included: field soil amended with compost
(cotton gin trash), compost inoculated with T382, fumigant (Telone-C35), and untreated.
89-2
In 2002, T. hamatum T382 increased plant growth (Fig 1A) but did not affect root rot
severity. In 2003, both Trichoderma strains reduced root rot severity (Fig 1B). Both
Trichoderma strains suppressed pathogens on transplant roots in 2002 (Table 1).
Pathogen pressure was too low to detect effects on population density in 2003.
In the field, T. hamatum became established and maintained a stable population in the
field throughout the growing season (Fig. 2). Transplant treatments had no significant
effect during field production. Fumigation with Telone C35 decreased root rot and
stimulated plant growth compared to the compost-based treatments (data not shown).
CONCLUSIONS:
Important root pathogens were isolated from strawberry transplants, indicating the risk of
pathogen dissemination due to planting into production fields. Both T. hamatum T382
and T. harzianum T22 reduced root rot severity, improved plant growth, and reduced
pathogens on roots during transplant production. Trichoderma soil amendments may
therefore be beneficial in greenhouse systems. However, transplant treatments effects did
not persist in the field. This indicates the importance of effective soil treatments for root
rot management in field production systems. T. hamatum T382 was successfully
established and survived in compost-amended field soil throughout the NC strawberry
production season. Although this biocontrol agent showed no beneficial effects in the
field, this study reveals the potential use of compost as an effective system to introduce
and support stable populations of biocontrol agents in field soil.
參考答案:重赏之下必有勇夫！
研究进展：
本研究各子实验分别于2002年3月、2003年4月在北卡罗莱纳州，普利茅斯镇开始进行。实验方案：每个裂区四个重复（主区，大田土壤处理；裂区，苗床处理）。 将草莓匍匐茎苗种在经过处理的培养土中，置于温室培养4周使其产生移植苗。 部分培养土分别经过添加哈茨木霉菌株T22 (Rootshield®)，哈茨木霉菌株T382（Trichoderma hamatum strain T382）改良处理。于2002年10月和2003年10月将移植苗定植于大田土壤中。大田处理方法： 施用堆肥（轧棉碎屑）改良大田土壤，部分堆肥分别经过接种T382菌株、添加蒸熏剂(Telone-C35)处理。89-2 2002年的实验发现T382对植株生长有促进作用(图 1A)，但没有减轻根腐病害。而2003年，两种木霉菌均有效的减少了根腐病害的发生（图1B）。 2002年，两种木霉菌都抑制了移植苗根部病原菌的生长（表一）。2003年，病原菌的危害甚微，观察不到其对植株密度产生影响。大田土壤中的哈茨木霉菌在草莓整个生长内发展并维持了稳定的菌群密度（图.2）。 在大田生产期间进行苗床处理没有产生明显效果。与仅施用堆肥相比，利用Telone C35熏蒸处理减少了根腐病的发生，促进了植株生长（未公布数据）。 结论： 从草莓移植苗分离出了几种主要根病病原菌。这说明根病病原菌是在移植草莓到生产大田的过程中传播的。 育苗期间，木霉T382和T22都能有效的减少根腐病发生、促进植株生长、降低根部病原菌密度。 因此，木霉土壤改良剂可能有助于改良温室培养系统。 然而，大田栽培没有产生与苗床处理一致的（良好）效果。 这说明了对大田生产系统土壤进行有效处理以防治根腐病的重要性。北卡罗莱纳州整个草莓生产季节内，木霉 T382 在经过堆肥改良的大田土壤中生长良好。 虽然大田生产中生防微生物没有表现出良好的效果，但本研究揭示了施用堆肥向大田有效引进生防微生物并使其维持一定菌群密度的潜力。
注：本段译文乃本人断章取义所作，楼主可能要对照全文稍作调整。
