附表四
高中英语
语法项目表
Grammar Items
1．词类
名词 形容词 副词 动词 代词 冠词 数词 介词 连词 感叹词
2．名词
（1）可数名词和不可数名词
（2）名词的复数形式
（3）专有名词
（4）所有格
3．代词
（1）人称代词
（2）物主代词
（3）反身代词
（4）指示代词
（5）不定代词
（6）疑问代词
4．数词 基数词和序数词
5．介词 掌握词汇表中所列介词的用法
6．连词 掌握词汇表中所列连词的用法
7．形容词
1）作定语、表语和宾语补足语的用法
2）比较等级 原级、比较级、最高级
（1）构成-er;-est;more;the most
（2）基本句型
比较级形式＋than...
（the＋）最高级形式＋in/of．..
as＋原级形式＋as...
not as（so）＋原级形式＋as...
8．副词
1）时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问、连接、关系等副词的用法
2）比较等级 原级、比较级、最高级
（1）构成-er;-est;more;the most
（2）基本句型
比较级形式＋than...
（the＋）最高级形式＋in/of．..
as＋原级形式＋as...
not as（so）＋原级形式＋as...
9．冠词的一般用法
10．动词
1）动词的基本形式
（1）现在时（原形，-s/-es形式）
（2）过去时（-ed形式）
（3）过去分词（-ed形式）
（4）-ing形式
2）行为动词的及物性与不及物性
3）连系动词be, get, look, seem, turn, grow, become, etc．
4）助动词be, do, have, shall, will, etc．
5）情态动词can, may, must, ought, need, dare, etc．
6）动词的时态
（1）一般现在时
We usually go to school at half past seven.
Are you tired?
The earth goes around the sun.
There goes the train!
（2）一般过去时
I got to school at a quarter past seven this morning．
When I lived there, I went to the cinema twice a month．
（3）一般将来时
A．shall（will）＋动词原形
We'll meet you at the airport.
He'll come here every other day.
B．用be going to＋动词原形表示
We are going to listen to a talk tomorrow afternoon.
There's going to be a meeting this evening．
（4）现在进行时
They're listening to music．
What are you doing these days?
（5）过去进行时
I was watching television at half past eight yesterday evening．
We were having a basketball match when you came to see me．
（6）现在完成时
We've learned about 1, 200 English words.
I've been here in Beijing for half a month now.
He has travelled to several places in South China since he came to China．
（7）过去完成时
By ten o'clock we had already done half of the work.
The meeting had already begun when they arrived．
I told him that we had known each other for many years.
（8）过去将来时
He said they would return before the end of this month．
She said there was going to be an English talk next Sunday.
7）动词的被动语态
（1）一般现在时的被动语态
The Great Wall of China is known all over the world．
（2）一般过去时的被动语态
This city was liberated in 1948．
（3）一般将来时的被动语态
The matter will be discussed at the next meeting．
（4）现在进行时的被动语态
The question is being discussed at the meeting．
（5）现在完成时的被动语态
The bridge has been built this month．
（6）带情态动词的被动语态
The bike must not be put here．
Can it be finished in two hours?
8）动词的不定式
（1）作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language．
（2）作宾语
I wanted to see a doctor.
Do you think it necessary to go there?
（3）作宾语补足语
The teacher warned the students not to be late．
He saw her leave the house．
（4）作表语
She seems to be tired．
（5）作定语
There is nothing to worry about.
We have no time to think about rest.
（6）作状语
She knows English well enough to read books.
He stopped to talk to an old man.
（7）用在how, when, where, what, which, who, whether 等后面
The question is where to get a computer.
I really don't know what to do.
9）动词的过去分词
（1）作定语
A broken cup is lying on the floor.
（2）作表语
The cup is broken.
（3）作宾语补足语
He's going to have his hair cut.
（4）作状语
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.
10）动词的-ing形式
（1）作主语
Talking is easier than doing．
It's no use talking about it.
（2）作宾语
I don't mind going on foot.
（3）作表语
Seeing is believing．
The story is moving．
（4）作宾语补足语
I saw them coming across the road．
（5）作定语
There is a swimming pool in our school.
China is a developing country.
The boy standing there is a classmate of mine．
（6）作状语
Being ill, she went home．
Having finished their work, they had a rest.
11．句子
1）句子的种类
（1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式）
（2）疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句）
（3）祈使句
（4）感叹句
2）句子的成分
（1）主语
Mary was born in Germany.
I'll stay in this city for a few years.
To listen to her songs is a pleasure．
（2）谓语
He learned some English at school.
She is writing a letter.
He looks strong．
You can go now.
Will you have to go tomorrow?
（3）表语
Her mother is a doctor.
It's I（me）.
Are you ready?
It remained to be seen.
The football match was very exciting．
The book is in the desk.
（4）宾语
She loved her mother.
He refused to come．
（5）直接宾语和间接宾语
He gave me some advice on how to learn a foreign language．
Father bought some books for me．
（6）宾语补足语
He told us to come on time．
I think it a good thing．
We found him busy with his work.
（7）定语
Lucy is wearing green trousers and a yellow sweater.
We often do morning exercises.
Can I borrow your pen, please?
The woman in the red coat is Mrs. Brown.
Do you have anything more to say?
（8）状语
Every day he went there by bus.
She feels quite well.
He went to buy some fruit.
This room is too small for us to live in.
*3）主谓的一致关系
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
Either you or I am to go.
4）简单句的五种基本句型
（1）主语＋连系动词＋表语（S＋V＋P）
The weather is very cold．
She felt happy.
（2）主语＋不及物动词（S＋V）
Summer is coming．
（3）主语＋及物动词＋宾语（S＋V＋O）
I like Chinese food．
She knows what to do.
（4）主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（S＋V＋IO＋DO）
She taught them physics.
He showed me a new TV set.
（5）主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语（S＋V＋O＋C）
They won't let me go.
We must keep the room warm.
5）并列句
I turned on the TV and we sat down and watched it.
I bought my sister a present, but she didn't like it.
6）复合句
（1）名词性从句
*a．主语从句
Who will go is not important.
What we need is more time．
b．宾语从句
I hope （that） everything is all right.
I'd like to know whether it is worth doing．
Do you know where he is?
He has found out why she was late．
c．表语从句
The question was who could go there．
That is why he was late．
*d．同位语从句
I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
（2）定语从句
A plane is a machine that can fly.
Who is the man that is sitting by the window?
A chemist's shop is a shop which sells medicine．
She is the girl who sings best of all.
The comrade with whom I came knows French．
This is the room in which we lived last year.或：
This is the room which we lived in last year.
The man that you were talking about has come to our school.
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．
The hospital where my mother works is in the north of the city.
*Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy.
（3）状语从句
She was reading the newspaper when I came in.
I'll give the letter to him as soon as I see him.
We'll go where the people need us.
He didn't come yesterday because he was ill.
We should study harder （so） that we may work better in the future．
It is such a big box that nobody can move it.
We'll go to the Great Wall if it's fine tomorrow.
Although the place is quite pleasant, I don't think we should go there all the time．
No matter what he says, I don't believe him.
He ate so much as if he hadn't had a meal for days.
I want to speak English as an Englishman does.
*7）倒装句
*8）省略句
12．构词法
1）合成法 blackboard, man-made, overthrow, however, everyone
2）转化法 hand（n.）-hand（v.），break（v.）-break（n.） empty（adj.）-empty（v.）
3）派生法
a．加前缀 dis-, in-, re-, un-, non-
b．加后缀 -able, -al, -an, -ful, -ive, -er, -ese, -ist, -ment, -ness, -tion,
-fy, -ian, -ing, -is（z）e, -ly, -teen,）-ty, -th, -y
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