定语（attribute)是限定或修饰名词或相当于名词的词，常由形容词或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词常置于名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句常置于名词之后,称后置定语。
eg.The WHOLE house went to Hawaii on holiday.
John had a GREAT desire TO TRAVEL.
状语（adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词、以及全句的，常由副词或相当于副词的短语或从句担任。修饰动词时，可置于动词之前，亦可置于动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时，常置于它们之前。
eg.Alex did BADLY on exam.
FRANKLY,I don't think the plan will succeed.