周固简介
优秀考研辅导专家，多年来一直从事英语教学研究，执笔编写多部考研辅导用书，对考研英语辅导有全面、深刻的研究，讲课激情四溢，针对性强，幽默风趣，是目前考研界不可多得的辅导专家；注重基础和方法。他创导的“周固三位一体考研英语辅导法”，就语言学习的本来规律，讲、练、测结合，独树一帜，辅导效果奇佳。
胡小平简介
就职于浙江大学。有近10年的辅导经历，参与历年阅卷工作，积累了丰富的经验。上课风格独特，充满激情，课堂信息容量大：既站在学生的角度，让其易懂易记，又站在命题者的角度，让学生掌握考点和命题思路。听力、阅读、完形、翻译、写作等全程一人授课，达到每堂课都融会贯通。主编的多部考研辅导书，内容全面、针对性强、效果明显。
Model Test 4
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organization to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for voluntary service 1 (VSO) for young people before they take up full-time employment, 2 there are opportunities for overseas service for 3 technicians in developing countries. Some people, 4 those who retire early, 5 their technical and business skills in countries 6 there is a special need.
So in considering voluntary or 7 community service, there are more opportunities than there 8 were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time 9 , and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in commercial organizations, and values may be different. 10 some ways they may seem more casual and less efficient, but one should not 11 them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different 12 , both personal and 13 . One should not join them 14 to arm them with professional experience; they must be joined with commitment to the 15 , not business efficiency. Because salaries are 16 or non-existent many voluntary bodies offer modest expense. But many retired people take part in community service for 17 , simply because they enjoy the work.
Many community activities possible 18 retirement were also possible during one’s working life but they are to be undertaken 19 seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider 20 community service.
1. A. oversea B. over sea C. over seas D. overseas
2. A. as B. so C. then D. that
3. A. quantity B. qualifying C. quality D. qualified
4. A. partially B. partly C. particularly D. passionately
5. A. order B. operate C. offer D. occupy
6. A. which B. where C. as D. that
7. A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. pay
8. A. before B. lately C. never D. ever
9. A. team B. number C. staff D. crowd
10. A. In B. By C. With D. Through
11. A. look at B. comment C. enjoy D. judge
12. A. subjective B. subject C. objectives D. objects
13. A. organization B. organizational C. organized D. organizing
14. A. expecting B. to expect C. being expected D. expected
15. A. course B. cause C. case D. caution
16. A. little B. small C. large D. big
17. A. free B. freedom C. money D. something
18. A. before B. on C. in D. at
19. A. much B. very much C. no more D. no less
20. A. to be taken B. to take C. taking D. being taken
Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Text 1
Violent lyrics in songs increase aggression-related thoughts and emotions and could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, a study released on Sunday by a U.S. psychology association found. The Washington D.C.based American Psychological Association (APA) released the study, resulting from five experiments involving over 500 college students, in the May issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
The violent songs increased feelings of hostility without provocation or threat, according to the study. It said the effect was not the result of differences in musical style, specific performing artist or arousal properties of the songs. Even the humorous violent songs increased aggressive thoughts, the study said.
The group said the study contradicts a popular notion that listening to angry, violent music actually serves as a positive catharsis for people.
The music industry came under criticism from lawmakers in October for failing to use more descriptive parental advisory labels that specify whether the music contains sex, violence or strong language.
But the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has said that current CD labels give parents enough information without violating the right to free expression. The RIAA is the trade group for the world’s five big labels, including AOL Time Warner Inc., EMI Group Plc., Bertelsmann AG, Vivendi Universal’s Universal Music and Sony Corp.
Results of the APA’s experiments showed that violent songs led to more aggressive interpretations of ambiguously aggressive words and increased the relative speed with which people read aggressive versus non-aggressive words. “Such aggression-biased interpretations can, in turn, instigate a more aggressive response, verbal or physical, than would have been emitted in a nonbiased state, thus provoking an aggressive escalatory spiral of antisocial exchanges,” said researcher Craig Anderson, in a statement.
While researchers said repeated exposure to violent lyrics could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, they said it was possible the effects of violent songs may last only a fairly short time.
21. According to the study by APA, intensified aggression had nothing to do with .
A. actual performers of music B. a more hostile environment
C. feelings of hostility D. violent humors of the songs
22. The word “catharsis” in Para. 3 most probably means .
A. an unpopular notion B. the removal of strong feelings
C. an increase of aggressive emotions D. the overreaction to violent lyrics
23. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The researchers’ work was unpopular because of its biased conclusions.
B. The music industry was accused of unclear specification of the nature of the songs.
C. The current CD labels failed to specify whether the music is appropriate for youth.
D. The music industry would have to yield to the pressure from the politicians.
24. Craig Anderson would probably agree that .
A. the relation between violent music and aggressive thoughts was ambiguous
B. more experiments were needed to justify the results achieved so far
C. antisocial exchanges could be ultimately attributed to violent songs
D. nonbiased interpretations might cause more aggressive social responses
25. It can be concluded from the passage that .
A. some musical styles would lead to a short period of increased social hostility
B. researchers were divided about the fundamental causes of aggressive emotions
C. parents neednt worry a lot about their kids occasional exposure to violent songs
D. music industry would have to be more alert to violent words in its music
Text 2
The biggest danger facing the global airline industry is not the effects of terrorism, war, SARS and economic downturn. It is that these blows, which have helped ground three national flag carriers and force two American airlines into Chapter 11 bankruptcy, will divert attention from the inherent weaknesses of aviation, which they have exacerbated. As in the crisis that attended the first Gulf War, many airlines hope that traffic will soon bounce back, and a few catastrophic years will be followed by fuller planes, happier passengers and a return to profitability. Yet the industry’s problems are deeper—and older—than the trauma of the past two years implies.
As the centenary of the first powered flight approaches in December, the industry it launched is still remarkably primitive. The car industry, created not long after the Wright Brothers made history, is now a global industry dominated by a dozen firms, at least half of which make good profits. Yet commercial aviation consists of 267 international carriers and another 500plus domestic ones. The world’s biggest carrier, American Airlines, has barely 7% of the global market, whereas the world’s biggest carmaker, General Motors, has (with its associated firms) about a quarter of the world’s automobile market.
Aviation has been incompletely deregulated, and in only two markets: America and Europe. Everywhere else deals between governments dictate who flies under what rules. These aim to preserve stateowned national flagcarriers, run for prestige rather than profit. And numerous restrictions on foreign ownership impede crossborder airline mergers.
In America, the big network carriers face barriers to exit, which have kept their route networks too large. Trade unions resisting job cuts and Congressmen opposing route closures in their territory conspire to block change. In Europe, liberalization is limited by bilateral deals that prevent, for instance, British Airways (BA) flying to America from Frankfurt or Paris, or Lufthansa offering transatlantic flights from London’s Heathrow. To use the car industry analogy, it is as if only Renaults were allowed to drive on French motorways.
In airlines, the optimists are those who think that things are now so bad that the industry has no option but to evolve. Frederick Reid, president of Delta Air Lines, said earlier this year that events since the September 11th attacks are the equivalent of a meteor strike, changing the climate, creating a sort of nuclear winter and leading to a “compressed evolutionary cycle”。 So how, looking on the bright side, might the industry look after five years of accelerated development?
26. According to the author, the deeper problems of aviation industry .
A. are the effects of various disasters
B. are actually not fully recognized
C. are attracting a lot of attention
D. are not the real cause of airlines’ bankruptcy
27. One of the facts that reflect the primitiveness of airline industry is .
A. its history is much longer than that of car industry
B. it is composed of international and domestic carriers
C. its market is divided by many a relatively small carrier
D. it is still an industry of comparatively low profits
28. What does the author mean by “Aviation has been incompletely deregulated, ”(Para.3)?
A. Governmental restrictions are still imposed on aviation industry in many areas.
B. Governments help establish rules for aviation industry only in America and Europe.
C. Some countries hope to help their national carriers keep up their national prestige.
D. Many countries discourage merger plans between foreign and domestic carriers.
29. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. free competition may help solve the problems confronting aviation industry
B. problems in America are more of a political nature than that in Europe
C. car industry should exert a more powerful influence on aviation industry
D. there is still a long way to go before the problems can be solved
30. According to Fredrick Reid, the aviation industry .
A. is facing a very serious situation
B. will confront a difficult evolution
C. has no way out of the present difficulty
D. will experience a radical reform
