Word List
apprenticeship n. 见习；学徒（期间）
preceding adj. 在先的，在前的
boyhood n. 童年
assist vt. 帮助
breadwinner n. 挣钱养家者
desire vt. 渴望
engine n. 引擎，发动机
apprentice n. 学徒；见习生
handloom n. 手工织布机
decline vi. 衰落；下降
distressed adj. 苦恼的
resolve vt. 决定，决心
council n. 会议
bobbin n. 线轴，线筒
preparation n. 准备
subsequent adj. 随后的，后来的
sum n. 金额；总数
genuine adj. 真正的
outweigh vt. 比……更重；比……更有价值
slavery n. 奴隶状态，奴役
lad n. 小伙子
rise vi. 起床
release vt. 放行，释放
boiler n. 锅炉，汽锅
cellar n. 地下室，地窖
machinery n. （集）机器；机械装置
strain n. 紧张，压力
try vt. 试验
steamagauge n. 蒸气压力表
bright adj. 高兴的，愉快的
bind vt. 绑，扎
account n. 账目，账
plain adj. 清楚的；明白的
hand n. 笔迹，书法
workshop n. 车间
clerking n. 记帐工作
evil n. 罪恶
humble adj. 简陋的
attend vt. 看管，照顾
governess n. 家庭教师
tutor n. 导师，老师
guardian n. 监护人，保护人
angel n. 天使
saint n. 圣人
perplexing adj. 使人困惑的；令人费解的
emulation n. 竞争；效法
interest n. 利益
sympathize vi. 同情
congratulate vt. 庆祝，庆贺
rank n. 阶层
eminent adj. 著名的，卓越的
self-reliant adj. 依靠自己的；信赖自己的
spring vi. 涌现
immortal n. 不朽的人物
heritage n. 遗产
universal adj. 普遍的
abolish vt. 废除；消除
industrious adj. 勤劳的，刻苦的
self-denying adj. 忘我的；自我牺牲的
virtue n. 优点，美德
Proper Names
Andrew Carnegie 安德鲁·卡耐基
Scotland 苏格兰
Pittsburgh 匹兹堡
Scotsman 苏格兰人
Useful Expressions
blow to pieces 炸毁
make out 开（支票、账单等）
count for 有价值
free from 不受……的约束
in the common interest of 为了……共同利益
resolve that… 决定
find oneself doing sth. 发现自己在做……
relieve sb. of 减轻
sympathize with 同情
Word Study
serve vt. & vi.
1.为……效力，工作；服役；供职
1）V+N
The Communist Party of China expects all its members to serve the people whole-heartedly.
During the war, he served his country for three years.
The cook served the same family all his life.
2)V(+N)+prep.phrase
On arriving the United States, I entered a cotton factory and served as a “bobbin-boy.”
He serves in a supermarket.
Before he entered college he served ( a year ) in the navy.
2.端上食物（或饮料等）；侍候（某人）进餐；接待（顾客等）
V;V+N;V+N+adj.;V+N+N
When they had dinner, two waitresses served at table.
Henry nodded to the wine-waiter seriously, as if to say:“Yes, that’s fine. You may serve it.”
At noontime, in public eating places, there’re always a lot of people waiting to be served.
They asked the waitress to serve the the soup hot.
3.符合，满足（目的或要求等）；走……作用
V+N;V+as/for+N;V+to do sth.
The new computer serves me very well.
It is not exactly what I expected but still it serves my purpose.
His study often serves as a studio.
These visits back and forth have served to promote Sino-American relations.
4.Phrases:
serve one’s apprenticeship 当学徒，见习
It is a great pleasure to tell you how I served my apprenticeship as a businessman.
bear vt.
1.支撑（重量等）；承担（责任等）；负担（费用等）
V+N
Don’t walk on the lake! The ice is too thin to bear your weight.
Employees of private enterprises have to bear part of the costs of their medical care.
I don’t think the driver alone should bear the responsibility for the accident.
2.生育，孕育（通常用于被动结构）；开（花），结（果）
V+N
When I was born, my father was a well-to-do master weaver in Scotland.
Henry Ground was born into an unimportant but well-to-do family.
Apple trees usually begin to bear fruit the year after they are planted.
3.(常与can/could 一起用于否定和修辞性疑问句)
1）忍耐，忍受
V+N;V+N+doing sth.
If you can’t bear the pain, take a painkiller or two.
He couldn’t bear the loneliness of old age.
My mother can’t bear people talking when a film is on TV.
2）忍心
V+to do sth.
She couldn’t bear to leave her aging parents to live by themselves.
4.Phrases:
bear sth. in mind 记在心里，记住
bear fruit 有成果
work vt. &vi.
1.工作，上班；使工作
1）V;V+prep.phrase;V+as+N
We should all work honestly and productively and contribute real value to the others.
Sidney Poitier, worked in several restaurants when he was young.
In England, you may work with a reserved person without ever knowing much about him/her.
Hans Christian went to a house where old women worked as weavers.
2）V+N
He worked him employees so hard that some of them quit.
Don’t work yourself to death.
2.(机器、设备、工厂等)开动，运转；使开动，运转
V;V+N
My refrigerator isn’t working and I will have it fixed tomorrow.
The factory is working day and night to meet its deadliness.
She depends on her son to work the video.
3.(办法、计划或方法等)行得通；（药物等）起作用
V
Did you plan work?
Your children will eventually learn that nagging and arguing no longer work.
You’ll know the answer within three hours when the poison starts to work.
4.Phrases:
work hard at 在……上下功夫
Andersen’s father worked hard at his trade.
work on ( doing) sth. 从事
work out sth. 制定，想出（办法等）
work n. 工作，职业；著作，作品；功课
Phrases:
at work 在工作；在起作用
out of work 失业
