患者自我描述:女,35岁,已婚,因反复活动后胸闷气喘2个月加重(前7-8年尤其是在爬楼梯时也有这种情况,当时以为是低血糖就没有在意,但这次更加严重,就连走平路都有症状。)于2011-01-20入院,入院检查:
体温:36.5℃ 脉搏:78次/分 呼吸:20次/分 血压:120/88mmHg. 胸骨无压痛,呼吸运动正常,肋间隙无增宽、变窄,无胸膜摩檫感及皮下捻发感,叩诊清音,呼吸音清,未闻及干、湿性罗音。心前区无隆起,心尖搏动位于第五肋间隙、左锁骨中线内0.5cm处,心浊音界无扩大,心率78次/分,律齐,P2亢进,各瓣膜区未闻及明显杂音。
心电图:右心室肥大(电轴C+153°,avR呈qR型,R>0.5mv,V1呈R型,R>1.0mv,Sv1+R>1.2mv)。
肺动脉CTA示:肺动脉未见明显血栓征象;主肺动脉增宽,提示肺动脉高压形成(肺动脉充盈良好,主肺动脉无扩张,内径约30.6mm,同水平升主动脉内径20.0mm, 降主动脉内径17.3mm,段以上肺动脉内未见明显充盈缺损影)。
心脏彩超:1、右心增大,三尖瓣反流+++ 2、肺动脉增宽,肺动脉增高(二尖瓣口血流:E/A呈单峰;三尖瓣口收缩期见反流信号+++,峰速5.02m/s,压差102mmHg,估计肺动脉压112 mmHg)。
心脏正侧位片:1、心影改变,建议随诊复查或进一步彩超检查;2、双肺未见明显异常。
SPECT:静息心肌断层显像示:1、左心室腔小,室壁放射性分布呈小片状稀疏减低,符合心肌病变表现; 2、右心室明显扩大,室壁肥厚。
病历与检查结果:
1、有明显胸闷、气喘等呼吸困难症状,活动后加重,且反复发作。
2、右心室肥厚和扩大:心脏彩超、心肌断层显像与心电图均显示:右心增大、室壁肥厚,右心室明显扩大等改变;
3、肺动脉内径增宽:肺动脉CTA示:肺动脉增宽,提示肺动脉高压形成;心脏彩超示 肺动脉增宽。
4、三尖瓣反流:心脏彩超示 三尖瓣反流+++
5、肺动脉压增高:心脏彩超检查 估计肺动脉压112 mmHg。
根据病人以上症状与检查结果,符合肺动脉高压改变,如能除外继发性肺动脉高压,如风心病、先心病等疾病,可诊断为原发性肺动脉高压。
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