本节主要进行ipX RIP路由选择协议和服务方面的有关实验。
1.实验目的
通过本实验，读者可以把握以下技能
●查看IPX路由表;
●配置IPX RIP协议;
●配置IPX服务;
●监测相关信息。
2. 设备需求
本实验需要以下设备:
●Cisco路由器2台，命名为R1和R2，要求最少具有1个以太网接口，并且IOS软件为Desktop版本以上;
●1条交叉线序的双绞线，或2条正常线序双绞线和1个Hub;
●1台终端服务器。如Cisco 2509路由器。及用于反向Telnet的相应电缆;
●1台带有超级终端程序的PC机，以及Console电缆及转接器。
3. 拓扑结构及配置说明
本实验拓扑结构如图9-2所示，2台路由器通过以太网连接起来。
以太网段上的IPX网络号为12，R1的L0接口上的IPX网络号为AA，R2的L0接口上的IPX网络号为BB。
4. 实验配置及监测结果
第1部分:IPX RIP路由的配置和监测
首先完成各有关接口的IPX配置。R1和R2路由器的配置见配置清常9-2。
配置清单9-2 实验2各路由器的配置和监测信息
第1段:R1路由器配置
sh runn
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 857 bytes
!
version 12.1
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service passWord-encryption
!
hostname R1
!
ip subnet-zero
!
ipx routing 0000.0c76.f736
!
interface Loopback0
no ip address
ipx network AA
!
interface Ethemet0
no ip address
ipx network 12
!
ip classless
ip http server
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
!
end
第2段:R2路由器配置
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 663 bytes
!
version 12.1
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R2
!
no logging console
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip finger
!
ipx routing 0000.0c8e.cdd2
!
interface Loopback0
no ip address
ipx network BB
!
interface Ethernet0
no ip address
ipx network 12
!
ip classless
ip http server
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
第3段:查看和配置IPX路由
R1#sh ipx route
Codes: C - Connected PRimary network,c - Connected secondary network
S - Static, F - Floating static, L - Local (internal), W - IPXWAN
R - RIP, E - EIGRP, N - NLSP, X - External, A - Aggregate
s - seconds, u - uses, U - Per-user static
3 Total IPX routes. Up to 1 parallel paths and 16 hops allowed.
No default route known.
C12(NOVELL-ETHER),Et0
CAA (UNKNOWN),Lo0
RBB[02/01]via12.0000.0c8e.cdd2, 33s,Et0
R1#ping ipx BB.0000.0c8e.cdd2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte IPX Novell Echoes to BB.0000.0c8e.cdd2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
SUCcess rate is 100 percent(5/5),round-trip min/avg/max=4/4/4 ms
R1#
Term_Server#2
[Resuming connection 2 to R2 ... ]
R2#sh ipx route
Codes: C - Connected primary network,c - Connected secondary network
S - Static, F - Floating static, L - Local (internal), W - IPXWAN
R - RIP, E - EIGRP, N - NLSP, X - External, A - Aggregate
s - seconds, u - uses, U - Per-user static
3 Total IPX routes. Up to 1 parallel paths and 16 hops allowed.
No default route known.
C12(NOVELL-ETHER),Et0
CBB(UNKNOWN),Lo0
RAA[02/01]via12.0000.0c76.f736,3s,Et0
R2#ping ipx aa.0000.0c76.f736
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte IPX Novell Echoes to AA.OOOO.Oc76.f736, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent(5/5),round-trip min/avg/max=4/4/8 ms
R2#conft
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#no ipx router rip
R2(config)#^Z
R2#sh ipx route
Codes: C - Connected primary network, c - Connected secondary network
S - Static, F - Floating static, L - Local (internal), W - IPXWAN
R - RIP, E - EIGRP, N - NLSP, X - External, A - Aggregate
s - seconds, u - uses, U - Per-user static
2 Total IPX routes. Up to 1 parallel paths and 16 hops allowed.
No default route known.
R2#conft
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#ipx router rip
R2(config-ipx-router)#network all
R2(config-ipx-router)#^Z
R2#cle ipx route *
R2#sh ipx route
Codes: C - Connected primary network, c - Connected secondary network
S - Static, F - Floating static, L - Local (internal), W - IPXWAN
R - RIP, E - EIGRP, N - NLSP, X - External, A - Aggregate
s - seconds, u - uses, U - Per-user static
3 Total IPX routes. Up to 1 parallel paths and 16 hops allowed.
No default route known.
C12 (NOVELL-ETHER), Et0
CBB (UNKNOWN), Lo0
RAA [02/01)via 12.0000.0c76.f736,2s,Et0
R2#debiug ipx routing ?
activityIPX RIP routing activity
eventsIPX RIP routing events
R2#debug ipx routing events
IPX routing events debugging is on
R2#
06:22:16: IPXRIP: positing full updatetoBB.ffff.ffff.ffff via Loopback0(broadcast)
R2#
06:23:07: IPXRIP: positing full update to 12.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet0(broadcast)
R2#
06:23:16: IPXRIP: positing full-update to BB.ffff.ffff.ffff via Loopback0(broadcast)
R2#undebug all
All possible debugging has been turned off
(1)在R1和R2的配置中，按实验1的步骤启动IPX路由，并对L0、E0接口进行相应的配置即可。
(2)sh ipx route是查看IPX路由表的命令，其运行结果表明:从R1到R2的L0接口网段BB，存在1条路径，相对应的下一跳点是12.0000.0c8e.cdd2，即R2的E0接口，其路由类型是RIP。
我们在前面的配置中，从来没有配置任何IPX路由协议，路由器为什么能自动学习到不直接相连的IPX网段的路由信息呢?这是由于IPX RIP路由选择协议已经默认地在路由器上运行的缘故。
IPX RIP协议运行在两台路由器上，但列路由器运行配置时并不能看到有关它的配置，它是缺省的配置。不在配置清单中显示。假如关闭IPX RIP协议，列配置清单时可以看到no ipxrouter rip的配置语句。
(3)路由表项中的宇段意义:
RAA[O2/01]via12.0000.0c760n36，3s，Et0
R:此路由项是由IPX RIP获取;
AA:目标网络号;
[02/01]:IPX RIP度量值，02是"tick"(滴答)数(1 tick约等于1/18秒)，01是跳数;
via:经由;
12.0000.0c760n36:下一跳地址;
3s:3秒，本条路由已存在的时间;
Et0:Ethernet0接口，是通往下一跳点的接口号。
(4)ping ipx aa.0000.0c76.f736(R1路由器L0接口地址)显示由IPX RIP得到的路由表是可用的。
(5)使用no ipx router rip命令关闭IPX RIP路由协议后，IPX路由表中相应的路由项不再存在。
(6)配置IPX RIP协议所用的基本命令很简单，其中的network all是指把R2上所有网络加入到IPX RIP中。
(7)可以使用debug ipx routing events来监测IPX路由更新和变化的信息。
第2部分:配置和监测IPX SAP服务
SAP服务发布节点(如文件服务器、打印服务器等)所提供的服务和IPX地址的信息到整个网络。
监测清单9-2演示了SAP协议所提供的上述服务。
监测清单9-2配置和监测SAP协议
R2(config)#ipx sap 4 FILE_SVR BB .0000.0000.0001 ?
Socket number
R2(config)#ipx sap 4 FILE_SVR BB.0000.0000.0001 150 ?
Hop count
R2(config)#ipx sap 4 FILE_SVR BB.0000.0000.0001 150 1
R2(config)#ipx sap 7 PRINT_SVR BB.0000.0000.0002 151 1
R2(config)#^Z
R2#sh ipx servers
Codes: S - Static, P - Periodic, E - EIGRP, N - NLSP, H - Hoiddown, + = detail
U - Per-user static
2 Total IPX Servers
Table ordering is based on routing and server info
Type NameNetAddressPortRoute Hops ltf
S4FILE_SVR BB.0000.0000.0001:0150conn1Lo0
S7PRINT_SVRBB.0000.0000.0002:0150conn1Lo0
R2#
Term_Server#1
[Resuming connection 1 to R1 ... ]
R1#sh ipx servers
Codes: S - Static, P - Periodic, E - EIGRP, N - NLSP, H - Hoiddown, + = detail
U - Per-user static
2 Total IPX Servers
Table ordering is based on routing and server info
Type NameNetAddressPortRoute Hops Itf
P 4FILE_SVRBB.0000.0000.0001:01502/012Et0
P 7PRINT_SVRBB.0000.0000.0002:01502/012Et0
R1#
R1#debug ipx sap ?
activityIPX Service Advertisement packets
eventsIPX Service: Advartisement events
R1#debug ipx sap act
IPX service debugging is on
R1#cle ipx sap *
R1#IPXSAP:General Query src=12.0000.0c76.f736,dst=12.ffff.ffff.ffff,packet sent(via Ethernst0)
R1#IPXSAP:General Query src=AA.0000.0c76.f736,dst=AA.ffff.ffff.ffff,packet sent(via Loopback0)
06:55:28: IPXSAP;
06:55:28: IPXSAP: positing update to 12.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet0 (broadcast) (Flash)
06:55:28: IPXSAP: positing update to AA.ffff.ffff.ffff via Loopback0 (broadcast) (flash)
06:55:28: IPXSAP: Response (in) type 0x2 len 160 src:12.0000.0c8e.cdd2 dest:12.0000.0c76.f736(452)
06:55:28: type 0x7,"PRINT_SVR",BB.0000.0000.0002(151),2 hops
06:55;28: type 0x4,"FILE_SVR",BB.0000.0000.0001(150),2 hops
R1#
06:55:28: IPXSAP:type 0x7 server"PRINT_SVR"distance lowered;new entry accepted[2/1/2]
06:55:28: IPXSAP:type 0x4 server"FILE_SVR"distance lowered;new entry accepted[2/1/2]
06:55:28: IPXSAP: positing update to 12.ffff.ffff.ffffvia Ethernet0 (broadcast) (flash)
06:55:28: IPXSAP: positing update to AA.ffff.ffff.ffffvia Loopback0 (broadcast) (flash)
06:55:28: IPXSAP: suppressing null update to 12.ffff.ffff.ffff
06:55:28: IPXSAP: Update type 0x2 len 160 src:AA.0000.0c76.f736 dest:AA.ffff.ffff.ffff(452)
06:55:28: type 0x4,"FILE_SVR",BB.0000.0000.0001(150),3 hops
06:55:28: type 0x7,"PRINT_SVR",BB.0000.0000.0002(151),3 hops
R1#
06:55:29: IPXSAP: suppressing null update to 12.ffff.ffff.ffff
06:55:29: IPXSAP: suppressing null update to AA.ffff.ffff.ffff
R1#
06:55:47: IPXSAP: positing update to 12.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet0 (broadcast) (full)
06:55:47: IPXSAP: suppressing null update to 12.ffff.ffff.ffff
R1#
(1)为了测试的目的，我们定义了2个静态的SAP服务，一个是类型为4的文件服务器FILE_SVR，另一个是类型为7的打印服务器PRINT_SVR，并分别给出了它们的IPX地址。套接字号和跳数。
(2)在R2上的sh ipx servers命令查到了刚刚定义的2个服务器，其状态是S，即静态，跳数为1。
(3)在R1上使用sh ipx servers命令看到了类似的结果，跳数值在此处变成了2。
(4)监测SAP协议的工作的同时，我们使用了clear ipx sap*命令，这迫使SAP进行更新。
监测结果记录了SAP协议查询和更新的全部信息。
