首先谈一谈帐篷。
这些年来，帐篷的革新，以及在户外生活中的普及，使得这类产品的分类越来越明细，而各大品牌下都能发现一个系列，即：SUPERLIGHT，HYPERLIGHT或ULTRALIGHT超轻系列帐篷，轻意味着PACKLIGHTLY，意味着更小的打包体积，在不是恶劣的环境下，只满足徒步及穿越的需要时，可以告别沉重和巨大的困惑，取而代之的是享受科技进步带来的舒适和轻松，背包的时刻并不总是负累。从前几年的EUROHIKE225（3。5KG）的流行，到ACME小两洞（3。2KG），再到现在的SNOWWOLF徒步营（2。6KG）。帐篷的发展趋势是轻量化。
在此，先介绍几顶帐篷，然后再加以分析比较，比较的目的，并不只是指标上的对比，而是通过比较，理解设计的思路，感受科技的进步。
这些帐篷都为独立支撑设计也叫穹顶式帐篷，1人，1-2人或双人帐，单层，单层加半层外帐及双层帐，基本上为满足三季需求而设计。
举例如下：
MOUNTAIN HARDWEAR TENT
SUPERLIGHT系列中的AIRJET 2
price $285.00
weight 3 lb 15 oz / 1.8 kg
packaged weight 4 lb 8 oz / 2 kg
type 3 Season/Superlight
capacity 2
length 7 ft 2 in / 2.2 m
width 4 ft 6 in / 1.4 m
doors 1
poles 2
brow pole yes
vestibule pole no
UVX windows 1
mesh windows 0
interior height 3 ft 3 in / 1 m
tension shelves 1
total area 37.44 ft? / 3.48 m?
floor area 29.91 ft? / 2.78 m?
vestibules 1
vestibule area 7.53 ft? / 0.7 m?
packed diameter 5.1 in / 13 cm
packed length 1 ft 6 in / 46 cm
fly fabric Superlight 30D Fly
panel fabric No-See-Um Netting
poles Easton 7178 T9
tent floor Superlight 2000 Nylon
Features:
Integrated front vestibule
Back-tacked stress points add strength and durability
Large mesh pockets and webbing hang loops keep things organized inside the tent
Tent package includes; stuff sack, pole sack, peg sack, aluminum stakes, Seam Grip and owners manual
Non-hydrolyzing, polyeather coated floor fabric
Bias bound zippers allow for ease of use and extended zipper life
D-shaped doors stay off ground when open
Off-ground perimeter seams form a waterproof tub
Opposing double slider fly zippers for ease of ventilation
Large, clear, non-yellowing, non-clouding UVX film windows
Free standing
Water-resistant, inverted fly zippers with storm flaps
#8 YKK zippers with nickel-plated sliders and pull-tabs for durability and noise reduction
Rubber shock cord for maximum resilience in temperatures ranging from -60 to 120 F
Non-wicking grommet tabs with adjustable buckle
Catenary-cut seams create taut canopy and improve fly strength
Modified tension shelf
Taped, full coverage nylon fly with silicone coated outer and polyurethane coated inner
Superlight materials minimize weight without sacrificing features
Large stake out loops accept skis and pickets
Single front door entry with mesh panel
Fly attachment system is adjustable, will not freeze or collect snow and is field repairable
Locking pole tips for ease of set-up
Taped floor seams (not all tents have a floor seam)
CrossFlow construction: fly welded to floor, complete floor perimeter venting, ceiling venting
THE NORTH FACE TENT
ULTRA LIGHT系列中的SLICKROCK 22
As part of our Flight Series, the Slickrock packs a ton of efficiency into one very lightweight package.
Area: 3.1平方米m
Capacity: 2
Fabric (Canopy): 40 denier, 225T polyester ripstop coated with 1500 mm PU, mesh
Fabric (floor): 70 denier, 210T nylon taffeta coated with 5,000 mm PU
Fabric (Fly): 40 denier, 225T polyester ripstop coated with 1500 mm PU
Pole Diameter: 8.84 mm
Poles: 2
Stuffed Size: 46 cm x 13 cm
Vestibule Area: 4平方米，4平方米
Weight (Standard): 4 lbs. 1 oz (1.85 kg)
Weight (Total): 4 lbs. 9 oz (2.07 kg)
**Standard Weight = Tent canopy, fly sheet and poles
*Total Weight = Tent canopy, fly sheet, poles, stakes, stuff sack and accessory sacks
Color-coded canopy and flysheet webbing ensures easy pitching and correct set up
Compatible with TNF #2 Gear Loft for additional interior hanging storage Continuous pole sleeve with pole pockets increase tent stability by maximizing contact between canopy and tent pole to better withstand pressure and weight from high winds and snow
DAC Featherlite™ aluminum poles create a super lightweight and strong structure
Dual doors with vestibules to fit packs and other gear give you two points of exit/entry and plenty of ventilation
Freestanding design with half-fly creates two small vestibules for muddy boots, packs and other gear
Mesh canopy and doors allow air to circulate through the bottom and top of tent
Internal pockets to keep small personal items like keys or a flashlight handy Multiple guy-points let you secure the tent in windy weather
Easy-to-see red ground-level foul weather loop lets you secure tent further by connecting fly and canopy
Reflective guyline loops and glow-in-the-dark zipper pulls for nighttime visibility
Taped, nylon taffeta true bucket floor prevents water from seeping into the tent by eliminating a seam close to the ground
Unique two-person tent with half-fly design for lightweight backpacking.
MSR TENT
ULTRA系列中的VENTANA 2
Capacity: 2 Persons
Floor + Vestibule Area: 2.5 + 1.8 m²
Interior Peak Height: 1 m
Fast & Light Weight: 1.7 kg
Minimum Weight:2.2 kg
Packaged Weight: 2.6 kg
Features:
Lots of Living Space：Wide, vaulted ceiling maximizes head and shoulder space.
Easy Setup：Freestanding design for easy pitching.
Easy Access & Gear Storage：One large door and vestibule plus one cargo hatch and gear vestibule.
Rain-Proof Entry：Keeps rain out even when vestibule is open.
Tent Extras：Package includes 8 Ultralight Needle stakes, 1 pole-repair tube, 3 guy-line cords, 3 cord tensioners.
Ventana- $249.95
BLACK DIAMOND
LIGHTHOUSE
The largest of the Superlight tents, the Lighthouse is quite roomy for two people, while weighing in at a little over three pounds. Built on the Bibler Eldorado footprint/Ahwahnee canopy and using the innovative fabrics Epic* and SilNylon along with DAC Featherlite aluminum poles, this tent is great for hard-core climbers and minimalist travelers who embrace the “light is right” ideology. The Lighthouse boasts a full side-door opening with screen netting, a roof that tops out at 43 inches and a small back window for ventilation. The Epic fabric canopy breathes and repels water well while the SilNylon floor keeps the water out. An exceptional tent if space and weight are your primary considerations.
*EPIC by Nextec® fabrics are highly water resistant. This means they resist penetration by water under all but the most extreme conditions.
Color: Maize
Weight (tent & poles): 1.45 kg (3 lb 3 oz)
Epic fabric, SilNylon and DAC Featherlite poles are light and tough
Roomy for 2 and well-ventilated
Best choice if space and weight are of primary importance
Lighthouse Vestibule
Optional 30d SilNylon Vestibule that adds 13 square feet to the Lighthouse Tent (hooks together with the tent utilizing 2 clip-on attachments). Easton 7075 Aluminum poles.
Weights:
Total: 605 g (1 lb 5 oz) (Bag: 20 g, Bag/Vest: 310 g, Poles: 185 g)
VAUDE TENT
ULTRALIGHT系列中的HOGAN ULTRALIGHT I
Hogan Ultralight I
- 2 person tent -
Weighing a mere 1.49 kg, this is VAUDE´s lightest 2 person tent. Overthrow construction, durable tent for minimalists.
persons: 1-2
model number: 15633 / 15644
colors: Floor Protector: Hogan Ultralight I, green, orange, red/dred
BIG AGENS TENT
SEEDHOUSE 1SL
SPECIFICATION：
CAPACITY 1
Min Wt 2 lbs. 8 oz.
Pkg Wt 2 lbs. 14 oz.
Dimensions 7 ft. 6 in. x 3 ft. 5 in.
Area (Sq. Ft.) 20 tent + 5 vestibule
Int Height 2 ft. 8 in.
Pack Size 20 in. x 4.5 in.
No. of Poles 1 pole set attached via hub system
Pole Size 8.84mm
Pole Material DAC Featherlite 7000 Series Aluminum
No. of Doors 1
Hooded Fly No
No. of Windows 1 (mesh window in door)
Gear Loft N/A
Floor Material 1.9oz. 30D HT seamless RS sil-nylon w/a silicone coating and an underside polyurethane 1000mm
Fly Material 1.9 oz. 30D HT RS sil-nylon w/an outer silicone coating and an underside polyurethane 1000mm
Wall Material 1.9 oz 40D nylon no-see-um mesh
Roof Material 1.6 oz. 20D nylon no-see-um mesh
Netting 1.6 oz. 20D nylon no-see-um mesh
Color Sage Green
Style Modified A Frame
Activities Backpacking, Canoeing, Biking
Use 3.5 Season
Special Features Taped fly & floor seams, fast Hub set up, lots of mesh.
Big Agnes has taken the very popular and already light Seedhouse series and made them ultralight. The SeedHouse 1 SL is a very roomy and very light tent for 1 person. Easy to pitch with its 1 piece shockcorded aluminum frame and hub system, this modified A frame is extremely sturdy. By utilizing the newest and lightest materials Big Agnes has crafted a tent that is unparalleled in space to weight ratio. This gives the user more room than others in the same weight class. In addition it has a lightweight nylon fly impregnated with silicone (outer) and coated with a polyurethane (inner) for extreme water protection.
Main fly and floor seams are factory sealed.
Super light aluminum shockcorded poles with attached hub system for fast easy set up.
Bath Tub floor wraps up the side of the tent.
7000 series aluminum poles.
1 mesh D door.
The fly is a lightweight high tenacity ripstop nylon with an outer silicone coating and inner polyurethane coating.
The floor is a lightweight, seamless high tenacity ripstop nylon with an outer silicone coating and inner polyurethane coating.
Durable plastic clips attach body to frame for speed and added ventilation.
By using the fly, poles & optional nylon footprint you can do a fly only or Fast Fly set up at 1 lb. 12 oz.
Fly attaches with side release buckles.
Post and grommet for fast easy set up.
1 mesh utility pocket for gear storage.
Flashlight loop.
Tent, pole and stake bags included.
Fire retardant.
Import.
MARMOT TENT
ECLOPSE 1P
SPECIFICATION：
Number of people: 1
Shell material: Fly fabric: 70d Nylon R/S 1500mm
Floor fabric: 70d Nylon 3000mm
Canopy: 70d Nylon Taffeta
Minimum weight: 4lb 4 ozs / 1.9 kg
Maximum weight: 4lb 11 ozs / 2.1 kg
Floor area: 17 sq ft / 1.7 sq m
Vestibule area: 4 sq ft / 0.4 sq m
Packed size: 5 x 18 in / 13 x 46 cm
Number of poles: 3
Type of poles: DAC Press-Fit 8.5mm
Colors: 967 • Pumpkin/ Stone
*Suggested U.S. Retail: $169.00
FEATURES：
Free-Standing Design Increase Habitablity allowing a person to sit-up
Optional footprint extra protection under your tent or for Bare Bones Setup
除去一些SOLO帐,单杆帐,睡带帐不谈仅对以上几款帐分析可得到以下一些共性：
1：采用铝杆为支撑杆减轻重量.特别是MHW的帐篷采用了EASTON的7178-T9的铝质帐杆，其PSI达到惊人的100，000，而其外管径为8.89毫米，厚度为0。51毫米属于中等粗细，比起7.9,8.2或8.5的帐杆来说,有着更好的强度。而7178-T9比普通铝杆，甚至大家通常见到的7001铝杆有着更轻的单位重量，一般美标为每英寸的GRAIN值（材料即定情况下，帐杆重量取决于管厚及直径），可见MHW仅在帐杆的选择上就煞费苦心，而价格达到USD280（RMB2，300）---北美售价，也就不足为奇。而其他大部分品牌在帐杆的选择上使用的是韩国DAC的DAC Featherlite™（可理解为如羽毛般轻盈的） 7000系列的铝杆获得超轻和牢固的支撑效果。而MARMOT提到了它使用的DAC铝杆的连接杆使用的是PRESS-FIT工艺制成的，区别与其他通过化学粘合剂连接的方式。BD使用的是EASTON 7075铝杆，看来美国的品牌选择EASTON的是个传统，也不在少数。
以后的顶级帐篷中会不会用到钛合金，也许吧，谁知道呢？
2：较小的门厅，甚至没有门厅。个人觉得MHW，MSR，VAUDE和BIG AGENS，MARMOT的外帐延伸部分仅可以勉强放鞋和包，舒适的门厅只可能带来更重的重量。而TNF 和BD使用的是一层半的设计，LARY用的就是TNF的这一款，1米85左右的个子，一个人睡还是舒适的，穿越贡噶时，也够用了。不过239美元的售价连老外都觉得贵了。没有注意外帐下那侧的内帐是否有气窗，如果加个透气烟囱，可能不错，从介绍中看，帐顶是有纱网的，可以和双层门（带防蚊纱）较好的解决透气的问题。因为介绍中提到了Mesh canopy and doors allow air to circulate through the bottom and top of tent，而那半个门厅是用来放脏鞋的。
3：双层帐的内帐采用较大的网纱设计.如BIG AGENS的内帐几乎全为网纱，这当然也是三季帐与四季帐或高山帐的主要区别之一，要想获得超轻的装备，基本从三个方面考虑，A。轻型材料的使用。B。独到的结构设计。C。在不损失主要功能的情况下，减少材料的使用。而超轻帐一般会考虑只开一扇门，再减轻点重量。TNF 的那款半单层帐是双开门的。但其外帐只有一半，而且无开门。在一些其他装备的设计上，也有类似的思路，比如说OSPRY的ATMOS背包（50L，1200克），其肩带处就有许多洞眼。能轻一点，那怕是几克，都是一个进步，而正是这种不懈的努力与实践，使得现在的装备迥异与以往。
4：外帐普遍采用超轻面料。面料开发的脚步从未停止过，帐篷的外帐一般使用的是化纤布料，标为多少D，多少T等，这些都是面料的表示方法，如纱支的传统表示为旦尼尔(D) ：D=g/L*9000 其中g为丝线的重量(克),L为丝线的长度(米) ，化纤、丝多用旦尼尔表示， D越大纱线越粗，如MHW的外帐为：fly fabric Superlight 30D Fly。FLY是指外帐，而30D是很细了，大家如果注意到一些冲锋衣的旦尼尔值为50时，衣物的面料就已比较轻薄了。相对外帐来说，底帐的用料会粗一些，如70D，100D等。 T是用来表示密度——用于表示梭织物单位长度内纱线的根数，纺织企业仍习惯沿用1英寸内纱线的根数来表示密度，化纤一般是指经纬密度之和。如190T涤塔夫，240T春亚纺。有人看指标只注意到一项，如认为T数越高，重量就一定高，实际上应综合比较。较细的纤维可能在单位面积上密度表示会比较高，但厚度会薄很多。为增加外帐强度，会使用RIPSTOP的面料即防撕裂布料。如TNF采用40 denier, 225T polyester ripstop coated with 1500 mm PU作为外帐及内帐的用料。大家都知道尼龙丝一般都是实芯的，现在如日本东丽公司通过在尼龙丝内部添加高分子化合物，再在成丝后将高分子化合物去处的方式得到中空的尼龙纤维，这样的话，在保证原有织物强度的同时，大幅度减轻重量，这也是科技发展带来的面料革新。
而决定帐篷外帐重量的有一重要因素是布料的防水涂层，大家知道，雨衣用的是PVC，一般帐篷用的是PU（PU当然也有质量的好坏），现在也有用GORE-TEX的帐篷，一般为单层高山帐（多为SOLO帐。有点像睡袋罩一样的矮帐），涂层的不同与厚度影响到整体的重量。现在的高端帐篷多使用硅油做防水涂层以达到更高的防水指标，相对减少重量，如VAUDE的帐篷，国内的还有如NORTHLAND， ACME的高山帐上也能见到使用，未来似乎会成为一个发展的方向。
决定一个帐篷的优劣的因素很多，最好的方法是在实践中检验和对比，我相信这样的机会会越来越多。
在一些个性化的方面，从设计上说，VAUDE和BIG AGENS有着独到的一面，VAUDE实际上是三根杆，具体的内帐搭建方式以后有机会再展示给大家，其通道式的双杆加上顶上的挑杆，使其获得如穹顶帐般的独立站立的效果（FREE STANDING）。而BIG AGENS的这款帐，大家能看到有一个类似三通的固件连接三根短杆，但帐尾处仍需帐钉的配合使用。这点有些类似VAUDE的LIGHTWING ULTRAL。
