Infraredand Raman Spectroscopy in Forensic Science
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品牌: John M. ChalmersHowell G. M. EdwardsMichael D. Hargreaves
基本信息出版社:Wiley; 1 (2012年3月13日)精装:646页正文语种:英语ISBN:0470749067条形码:9780470749067商品尺寸:19.4 x 3.6 x 24.9 cm商品重量:1.4 KgASIN:0470749067商品描述内容简介This book will provide a survey of the major areas in which information derived from vibrational spectroscopy investigations and studies have contributed to the benefit of forensic science, either in a complementary or a unique way. This is highlighted by examples taken from real case studies and analyses of forensic relevance, which provide a focus for current and future applications and developments.目录About the Editors xxiList of Contributors xxiiiPreface xxviiSECTION I: INTRODUCTION 11 Introduction and Scope 3
John M. Chalmers, Howell G.M. Edwards and Michael D. Hargreaves1.1 Historical Prologue 31.2 The Application of Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy in Forensic Science 5References 72 Vibrational Spectroscopy Techniques: Basics and Instrumentation 9
John M. Chalmers, Howell G.M. Edwards and Michael D. Hargreaves2.1 Introduction 92.2 Vibrational Spectroscopy Techniques 92.2.1 The basics and some comparisons 92.2.1.1 Wavelength/Wavenumber Ranges and Selection Rules 102.2.1.2 Sampling Considerations 122.2.1.3 Sensitivity, Surfaces and Signal Enhancement Techniques 132.2.1.4 IR and Raman Bands 132.2.2 Quantitative and classification analyses 162.2.2.1 Multivariate Data Analyses 172.2.2.2 Data Pre-Processing 202.2.3 Reference databases and search libraries/algorithms 202.3 Vibrational Spectroscopy: Instrumentation 222.3.1 Spectrometers 222.3.1.1 Sources 222.3.1.2 Detectors 242.3.1.3 Spectrometers and Interferometers 242.3.2 Vibrational spectroscopy–microscopy systems 282.3.2.1 Mapping and Imaging 302.3.3 Fibre optics and fibre-optic probes 342.3.4 Remote, portable, handheld, field-use, and stand-off vibrational spectroscopy instrumentation 352.4 Closing Remarks 40References 403 Vibrational Spectroscopy Sampling Techniques 45
John M. Chalmers, Howell G.M. Edwards and Michael D. Hargreaves3.1 Introduction 453.2 Vibrational Spectroscopy: Sampling Techniques 473.2.1 Raman spectroscopy 473.2.1.1 Raman Spectroscopy: Sampling Techniques and Considerations 473.2.1.2 Resonance Raman Spectroscopy 503.2.1.3 Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy 513.2.1.4 Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy 513.2.1.5 Transmission Raman Spectroscopy 553.2.1.6 Raman Microscopy/Microspectroscopy and Imaging 553.2.1.7 Remote and Fibre-Optic Probe Raman Spectroscopy 563.2.2 Mid-infrared spectroscopy 583.2.2.1 Mid-Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy: Sampling Techniques 583.2.2.2 Mid-Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy Sampling Techniques 623.2.2.3 Mid-Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy 703.2.2.4 Mid-Infrared Microscopy/Microspectroscopy and Imaging 713.2.3 Near-infrared spectroscopy: sampling techniques 763.2.3.1 Near-Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy 773.2.3.2 Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy 773.2.3.3 Near-Infrared Transflection Spectroscopy 783.2.3.4 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Interactance and Fibre-Optic Probe Measurements 783.2.3.5 Near-Infrared Microscopy and Imaging 793.2.4 Terahertz/far-infrared spectroscopy: sampling techniques 793.3 Closing Remarks 81Acknowledgements 81References 82SECTION II: CRIMINAL SCENE 874 Criminal Forensic Analysis 89
Edward G. Bartick4.1 Introduction 894.2 Forensic Analysis 904.3 General Use of IR and Raman Spectroscopy in Forensic Analysis 914.3.1 Progression of infrared spectroscopy development in forensic analysis 914.3.2 Progression of Raman spectroscopy development in forensic analysis 914.3.3 Sampling methods 914.3.3.1 Microscopes 914.3.3.2 Reflection Methods 924.3.3.3 Gas Chromatography/IR 924.3.3.4 Spectral Imaging 924.4 Applications of Evidential Material Analysis 934.4.1 Polymers 934.4.1.1 General 934.4.1.2 Copy Toners 944.4.1.3 Fibres 954.4.1.4 Paints 984.4.1.5 Tapes 994.4.2 Drugs 1014.4.3 Explosives 1034.4.4 Fingerprint analysis 1044.5 Summary and Future Direction 105Acknowledgements 106References 1064.1 Forensic Analysis of Hair by Infrared Spectroscopy 111
Kathryn S. Kalasinsky4.1.1 Introduction 1114.1.2 Basic Forensic Hair Analysis 1134.1.3 Uniqueness of Hair to Chemical Analysis 1144.1.4 Mechanism for Chemical Substance Incorporation into Hair 1154.1.5 Applications 1184.1.6 Disease Diagnosis 1194.1.7 Summary 119References 1194.2 Raman Spectroscopy for Forensic Analysis of Household and Automotive Paints 121
Steven E.J. Bell, Samantha P. Stewart and W.J. Armstrong4.2.1 Introduction 1214.2.2 Paint Composition 1214.2.3 Analysis of Resin Bases 1224.2.4 White Paint 1254.2.5 Coloured Household Paints 1264.2.6 Multi-Layer Paints 1304.2.7 Automotive Paint 1324.2.8 Conclusions 135References 1354.3 Raman Spectroscopy for the Characterisation of Inks on Written Documents 137
A. Guedes and A.C. Prieto4.3.1 Introduction 1374.3.2 Experimental 1394.3.3 Chemical Differences in the Composition of Writing Inks through Time, and Modern Inks: Major Groups 1414.3.4 Ink Discrimination 1444.3.5 Forensic Test 1464.3.6 Conclusions 149References 1494.4 Forensic Analysis of Fibres by Vibrational Spectroscopy 153
Peter M. Fredericks4.4.1 Introduction 1534.4.1.1 Forensic importance of fibres 1534.4.1.2 Types of fibres 1534.4.1.3 Dyes 1544.4.1.4 Why use vibrational spectroscopy? 1544.4.2 Infrared Spectroscopy 1544.4.2.1 Instrumentation and sample preparation 1554.4.2.2 Transmission mid-IR microspectroscopy 1574.4.2.3 ATR IR microspectroscopy 1584.4.2.4 IR synchrotron radiation 1604.4.2.5 Mid-IR imaging 1604.4.3 Raman Spectroscopy 1624.4.3.1 Application to fibres 1624.4.3.2 Surface-enhanced Raman scattering 1644.4.3.3 Raman spectroscopy of titania filler 1654.4.4 Data Analysis 1654.4.5 Conclusions 167Acknowledgement 168References 1684.5 In Situ Crime Scene Analysis 171
Edward G. Bartick4.5.1 Introduction 1714.5.2 Instrumentation 1724.5.2.1 Raman spectrometers 1734.5.2.2 Infrared spectrometers 1754.5.3 Applications 1774.5.3.1 Conditions of analysis 1774.5.3.2 General chemical analysis 1774.5.3.3 Explosives 1774.5.3.4 Drugs 1784.5.4 Conclusion 183Acknowledgements 183References 1834.6 Raman spectroscopy gains currency 185
R. Withnall, A. Reip and J. Silver4.6.1 Introduction 1854.6.2 Banknotes 1864.6.3 Postage Stamps 1944.6.4 Potential Forensic Applications 1984.6.5 Conclusions 203Acknowledgements 203References 203SECTION III: COUNTER TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY 2055 Counter Terrorism and Homeland Security 207
Vincent Otieno-Alego and Naomi Speers5.1 Introduction 2075.2 Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy for Explosives Identification 2085.2.1 Level of chemical identification 2095.2.2 Capability to analyse a large range of explosives and related chemicals 2105.2.3 Other positive features of IR and Raman spectroscopy in explosive analysis 2115.2.4 Case Studies – Example 1 2115.3 Portable IR and Raman Instruments 2135.3.1 Case Studies – Example 2 2145.4 Post-Blast Examinations 2175.5 Detection of Explosives in Fingerprints 2175.6 Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy 2185.6.1 Applications of SORS in explosive analysis 2205.7 Terahertz Spectroscopy of Explosives 2215.7.1 Sampling modes and sample preparation 2225.7.2 THz spectroscopy of explosives and explosive related materials 2235.8 Summary 226Glossary 227References 2285.1 Tracing Bioagents – a Vibrational Spectroscopic Approach for a Fast and Reliable Identification of Bioagents 233
P. R€osch, U. M€unchberg, S. St€ockel and J. Popp5.1.1 Introduction 2335.1.2 Toxins 2365.1.3 Viruses 2385.1.4 Bacteria 2385.1.4.1 Bulk samples 2385.1.4.2 Single bacterium identification 2405.1.5 Conclusion 246Acknowledgement 246References 2465.2 Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Explosives and Precursors: Applications and Instrumentation 251
Mary L. Lewis, Ian R. Lewis and Peter R. Griffiths5.2.1 Background 2515.2.2 Introduction 2525.2.3 UV Excited Raman Studies of Explosives 2535.2.4 FT-Raman Studies of Explosives 2555.2.5 Neither FT-Raman nor Traditional Dispersive Raman 2585.2.6 Surface Enhanced Raman and Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Studies of Explosives 2585.2.7 Dispersive Raman Studies of Explosives 2595.2.8 Compact Dispersive Raman Spectrometers for the Study of Explosives 2605.2.9 Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy 2655.2.10 Stand-Off Raman of Explosives 2665.2.11 Raman Microscopy and Imaging 2665.2.12 Vehicle-Mounted Raman Analysers 2675.2.13 Classification Schema for Explosives 2685.2.14 Summary 268References 2695.3 Handheld Raman and FT-IR Spectrometers 275
Michael D. Hargreaves, Robert L. Green, Wayne Jalenak, Christopher D. Brown and Craig Gardner5.3.1 Introduction 2755.3.2 Handheld/Portable Raman and FT-IR Devices 2765.3.3 Explosives 2765.3.4 Tactical Considerations 2775.3.5 Sample Considerations 2795.3.6 Raman and FT-IR Spectroscopy Explosive Identification Capabilities 2805.3.7 Performance Characterisation 2855.3.8 Summary 285Disclaimer 286References 2865.4 Non-Invasive Detection of Concealed Liquid and Powder Explosives using Spatially Offset Raman spectroscopy 289
Kevin Buckley and Pavel Matousek5.4.1 Introduction 2895.4.2 Discussion and Examples 2905.4.3 Summary 293References 2945.5 Terahertz Frequency Spectroscopy and its Potential for Security Applications 295
A.D. Burnett, A.G. Davies, P. Dean, J.E. Cunningham and E.H. Linfield5.5.1 Introduction 2955.5.2 Terahertz Frequency Radiation 2965.5.3 Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy 2965.5.4 Examples of the Use of THz Spectroscopy to Detect Materials of Security Interest 2985.5.4.1 Explosives 2985.5.4.2 Drugs of abuse 3015.5.4.3 Terahertz frequency imaging 3055.5.4.4 Spectroscopy and imaging of concealed materials 3075.5.5 Conclusions and Future Outlook 309Acknowledgements 309References 310SECTION IV: DRUGS AND DRUGS OF ABUSE 3156 Raman Spectroscopy of Drugs of Abuse 317
Steven E.J. Bell, Samantha P. Stewart and S.J. Speers6.1 Introduction 3176.2 Bulk Drugs 3...
