From Microphysics to Macrophysics: Methods and Applications of Statistical Physics. Volume I从微观物理学到宏观物理学：统计物理学方法与应用 第I卷
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作者： Roger Balian著
出 版 社： 湖南文艺出版社
出版时间： 2006-11-1字数：版次： 1页数： 465印刷时间： 2006/11/01开本： 16开印次： 1纸张： 胶版纸I S B N ： 9783540454694包装： 平装编辑推荐
作者简介
Roger Balian：
From Microphysics to Macrophysics
Methods and Applications of Statistical Physics
Volume！
Study Edition
内容简介
This text not only provides a thorough introduction to statistical physics and thermodynamics but also exhibits the universality of the chain of ideas that leads from the laws of microphysics to the macroscopic behaviour of matter. A wide range of applications teaches students how to make use of the concepts, and many exercises will help to deepen their understanding. Drawing on both quantum mechanics and classical physics, the book follows modern research in statistical physics.
Volume I discusses in detail the probabilistic description of quantum or classical systems, the Boltzmann-Gibbs distributions, the conservation laws, and the interpretation of entropy as missing information. Thermodynamics and electromagnetism in matter are dealt with, as well as applications to gases, both dilute and condensed, and to phase transitions.
This softcover edition accomodates the many requests to make this widely used and often cited classical text available again.
目录
Introduction
1. Paramagnetism of Ionic Solids
1.1 Micro-states and Macro-state
1.1.1 Paramagnetism
1.1.2 The Model
1.1.3 The Probabilistic Nature of a Macroscopic State
1.1.4 Calculation of Expectation Values
1.2 Microscopic Interpretation of Thermal Equilibrium
1.2.1 Maximum Disorder
1.2.2 The RSle of Energy Conservation
1.2.3 The Degree of Disorder
1.2.4 Thermal Contact and Partition of Energy
1.2.5 Absence of Correlations Between Magnetic
Moments at Thermal Equilibrium
1.2.6 Spin Thermostat
1.3 Identification of the Thermodynamic Quantities
1.3.1 Relative Temperature
1.3.2 The Boltzmann-Gibbs Distribution
1.3.3 Entropy and Absolute Temperatur
1.4 Experimental Checks
1.4.1 Equations of State
1.4.2 Curie's Law
1.4.3 Saturation
1.4.4 Thermal Effects; Characteristic Temperature
1.4.5 Magnetic Resonance
1.4.6 Discussion of the Model
Summary
Exercises
la Negative Temperatures
lb Brillouin Curves
lc Langevin Paramagnetism
2 Probabilistic Description of Systems
2.1 Elements of the Quantum Formalism
2.1.1 Hilber
2.1.2 Operators
2.1.3 Observables
2.1.4 Pure States, Preparations and Measurements
2.1.5 Evolution, Transformations, Invariances
2.1.6 Shortcomings of the State Vector Concept
2.2 Quantum Systems: Density Operators
2.2.1 Pure States and Statistical Mixtures
2.2.2 The Expectation Value of an Observable
2.2.3 Characteristic Properties of Density Operators
2.2.4 The Density Operator of a Subsystem
2.2.5 Measurements in Quantum Mechanics
2.2.6 Evolution with Time
2.2.7 Summary: Reformulation of Quantum Mechanics
2.3 Classical Systems: Densities in Phase
2.3.1 Phase Space and Micro-states
2.3.2 Classical Macro-states
2.3.3 Evolution with Time
2.3.4 The Classical Limit of Quantum Statistics
2.3.5 Reduced Densities
2.3.6 Uncertain Particle Number
Summary
Exercises
2a Density Operators for a Spin-1/2
2b Density Fluctuations
3. Information Theory and Statistical Entropy
3.1 Information and Probability Theory
3.1.1 Statistical Entropy:
The Measure of Missing Information
3.1.2 Properties of the Statistical Entropy
3.1.3 The Statistical Entropy
Derived from the Additivity Postulate
3.1.4 Continuous Probabilities
3.2 The Statistical Entropy of a Quantum State
3.2.1 Expression as Function of the Density Operator
3.2.2 Inequalities Satisfied by the Statistical Entropy
3.2.3 Changes in the Statistical Entropy
3.2.4 Information and Quantum Measurements
3.3 The Statistical Entropy of a Classical State
3.3.1 Classical Statistical Entropy
3.3.2 Properties
3.4 Historical Notes About the Entropy Concept
3.4.1 Entropy in Thermodynamics
3.4.2 Entropy in Kinetic Theory
3.4.3 The Period of Controversies
……
4The Boltzmann-Gibbs Distribution
5 Thermodynamics Revisited
6 On the Proper Use of Epuilibrium Thermodynamics
7 The Perfect Gas
8 Molecular Properties of Gases
9 Condensation of Gases and Phase Transitions
Srbject Index
Units and Physical Constants
A Few Useful Formulae
