Essential Forensic Biology法医生物学导论
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作者： Alan Gunn 著
出 版 社：
出版时间： 2006-7-1字数：版次： 1页数： 294印刷时间： 2006/07/01开本： 16开印次： 1纸张： 胶版纸I S B N ： 9780470012765包装： 精装内容简介
Essential Forensic Biology is an introduction to the application of the science of biology in legal investigations. Focusing on the legal system in the UK, the book provides a detailed description of the decay process, and discusses the role of forensic indicators - human fluids and tissues, including blood cells, bloodstain pattern analysis, hair, teeth, bones and wounds. It also considers the role microorganisms, invertebrates and plants play within forensic investigations before considering future directions in forensic science. The book examines the study of forensic biology in cases of suspicious death, and also explores the organisms used in a range of legal investigations; from human and animal neglect to food spoilage, structural damage, the illegal collection/trade of protected species and bioterrorism.
Essential Forensic Biology fills the gap for a resource, which provides information on the range of biological organisms; animals, plants and microbes used in forensic studies. An invaluable introductory text for all students taking forensic science courses, the book features a fully integrated website that covers forensic entomology with additional material and figures from the text to enhance student understanding.
An introduction covering the essentials of forensic biology
Features a fully integrated website covering forensic entomology with additional material and self-test questions to reinforce student understanding
Each chapter includes a series of questions and topics for further study
Focuses on the UK legal system
作者简介
Dr. Alan Gunn is senior lecturer and Zoology Programme Director at the School of Biological & Earth Sciences, at John Moores University. He has written numerous papers on parasitology, the biology of blowflies, the physiology and behaviour of agricultural pests and ecotoxicology, and develops computer based learning tools to support his teaching in these areas. He is interested in the effectiveness of enquiry-based learning as a means of enhancing student performance and has written several papers on this topic. This is his first textbook.
目录
Introduction
1 The Decay Process
The stages of decomposition
Fresh
Bloat
Putrefaction
Putrid dry remains
Factors affecting the speed of decay
Burial underground
Burial underwater
Time of year and temperature
Exposure to sunlight
Burning
Geographical location
Quick quiz
Project work
2 Human Fluids and Molecular Biological Techniques as Forensic Indicators
Body fluids and waste products
Blood cells and blood typing
Confirming the presence of blood
Bloodstain pattern analysis
The Sam Sheppard case
The Sion Jenkins case
Saliva and semen as forensic indicators
Faeces and urine as forensic indicators
Molecular biology
The structure of DNA
DNA profiling
The Colin Pitchfork case
Forensic applications of DNA profiling
Evaluation of DNA evidence
Polymerase chain reaction
Short tandem repeat markers
Y-Short tandem repeat markers
Single nucleotide polymorphism markers
Mobile element insertion polymorphisms
Mitochondrial DNA
The Tsar Nicholas II case
Quick quiz
Project work
3 Human Tissues and Wounds as Forensic Indicators
The outer body surface
Skin
Fingerprints
Lip prints and ear prints
Retinal and iris scans
Tattoos
Hair
Characteristics
Assimilation of poisons, drugs and explosives
Bones
Characteristics
Determination of gender
Determination of ethnic origin
Determination of stature
Determination of age
Facial reconstruction
Determination of age of remains
Teeth
Characteristics
Determination of age
Determination of gender and ethnic origin
Identification based on dental characteristics
Effects of drug abuse on dental characteristics
Wounds
Definitions
Bruises
Abrasions
Lacerations
Incised wounds
Stab wounds
Bone damage
Gunshot wounds
Bite marks
Burns and scalds
Postmortem injuries
Quick quiz
Project work
4 Bacteria and Viruses in Forensic Science
Introduction
The role of microorganisms in the decomposition process
Microbial profiles as identification tools
How microbial infections can predispose people to crime and simulate the occurrence of a criminal act
The use of microorganisms in bioterrorism
Anthrax
Plague
Smallpox
The transmission of HIV as a criminal act
The role of microbes in food poisoning
Quick quiz
Project work
5 Protists, Fungi and Plants in Forensic Science
Introduction
Protists as forensic indicators
Fungi as forensic indicators
Plants as forensic indicators
Wood
Pollen and spores
Fruits, seeds and leaves
Plant secondary metabolites as sources of drugs and poisons
Illegal trade in protected plant species
Quick quiz
Project work
6 Invertebrates in Forensic Science
Introduction
Invertebrates as forensic indicators in cases of murder or suspicious death
Invertebrates attracted to dead bodies
Detritivores
Carnivores and parasitoids
Parasitoid insects
Coprophiles
Invertebrates leaving dead bodies
Invertebrates accidentally associated with dead bodies
Invertebrates as a cause of death
Invertebrates as forensic indicators in cases of neglect and animal welfare
The role of invertebrates in food spoilage and hygiene litigation
Invertebrates as a cause of nuisance
Invertebrates as a cause of structural damage
Illegal trade in protected species of invertebrates
Quick quiz
Project work
7 Forensic Information Gained from Invertebrates
The importance of correct identification
Calculating the minimum time since death or infestation from invertebrate development rates
Complicating factors affecting minimum time since death calculations
Determination of the minimum time since death or infestation using invertebrate species composition
Determination of the minimum time since death using ectoparasites
Determination of body movement or point of infestation from invertebrate evidence
Invertebrate evidence in cases of wound myiasis and neglect
Detection of drugs, toxins and other chemicals in invertebrates
Obtaining DNA evidence from invertebrates
Determining the source and duration of invertebrate infestations of food and timber products
Quick quiz
Project work
8 Vertebrates in Forensic Science
Introduction
Vertebrate scavenging of human corpses
Vertebrates causing death and injury
Neglect and abuse of vertebrates
Vertebrates and drugs
Vertebrates and food hygiene
Illegal trade in protected species of vertebrates
Quick quiz
Project work
9 Collection of Animal and Plant Material for Forensic Studies
Introduction
The importance of scientific rigour and safety issues when collecting biological material
Collecting and preserving diatoms and algae for forensic analysis
Collecting and preserving testate amoebae for forensic analysis
Collecting and preserving plant material for forensic analysis
Collecting invertebrates for forensic analysis
Killing and preserving techniques for invertebrates
Killing methods for hard-bodied invertebrates
Killing methods for soft-bodied invertebrates
Preservation of hard-bodied invertebrates
Preservation of soft-bodied invertebrates
Preservation of invertebrate eggs
Invertebrate identification techniques
Collecting environmental information for forensic analysis
Quick quiz
Project work
Postscript: Future Directions in Forensic Biology
References
Index
