《野性的呼唤》解读(“背景中的文学”丛书)(Understanding The Call of the Wild)
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品牌: 克劳迪娅·德斯特·约翰逊
基本信息·出版社：中国人民大学出版社
·页码：258 页
·出版日期：2008年
·ISBN：7300088627/9787300088624
·条形码：9787300088624
·包装版本：1版
·装帧：平装
·开本：16
·正文语种：英语
·丛书名：“背景中的文学”丛书
·外文书名：Understanding The Call of the Wild
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内容简介London'sadventuretaleTheCalloftheWiMexploresthecomplexrelationshipsbetweenmanandnature,andanimals'strugglewiththeirownnatureinman'sworld.Inthisinterdisciplinarystudy,arichcollectionofprimarydocumentspointoutthemanyissuesthatmakethisstoryaspoignantandpertinenttodayaswhenitwaswrittennearlyacenturyago.Compiledhereforthefirsttimeisdocumentationfromsourcesasvariedascentury-oldnewspaperaccounts,legislativematerials.advertisements,poetry,journals,andotherstartlingfirsthandaccounts.Thestory'shistoricalsetting,theYukonGoldRush,isbroughtvividlyintofocusforreaders,withfirsthandaccountsoftheunimaginablehardshipsfacedbytheprospectorsintheKlondikeandAlaskanGoldFields.
作者简介CLAUDIA DURST JOHNSON is ProfessorEmeritus at the University of Alabama, whereshe served as chair of the English Departmentfor twelve years. She is series editor of the
"Literature in Context" series, for whichshe has authored numerous works.
目录
Preface
1.LiteraryAnalysis:AdventureandMyth
2.TheAlaskanPanhandleandtheYukonTerritory
FROM:
FurSealsofAlaska.HearingsbeforetheUnited
StatesCommitteeonWaysandMeans(1904)
H.M.Robinson,TheGreatFurLand;or,SketchesofLifeintheHudson'sBayTerritory(1879)
RobertW.Service,"TheCremationofSamMcGee,"inTheSpelloftheYukonandOtherVerses(1907)
3.TheYukonGoldRush
FROM:
M.H.E.HayneandH.WestTaylor,ThePioneersoftheKlondyke(1897)
"StreamofGoldfromKlondyke,"SanFranciscoCall(July18,1897)
"MoreWanttoGo,"OaklandTimes(July30,1897)
SteamerAdvertisement,SanFranciscoCall(July18,1897)
AdvertisementforEquipmentinA.E.Ironmonger
Sola,Klondyke:TruthandFactsoftheNewElDorado(1897)
AdvertisementforaGuideinA.E.IronmongerSola,Klondyke:TruthandFactsoftheNewElDorado(1897)
L.A.Coolidge,KlondikeandtheYukonCountry(1897)
JosephLadue,KlondykeFacts.BeingaComplete
GuidetotheGoldRegionsoftheGreatCanadian
NorthwestTerritoriesandAlaska(1897)
WilliamB.Haskell,TwoYearsintheKlondikeand
AlaskanGold-Fields(1898)
A.C.Harris,AlaskaandtheKlondikeGoldFields(1897)
JosiahEdwardSpurr,ThroughtheYukonGoldDiggings(1900)
A.E.IronmongerSola,Klondyke:TruthandFactsoftheNewElDorado(1897)
L.A.Coolidge,KlondikeandtheYukonCountry(1897)
JosiahEdwardSpurr,ThroughtheYukonGoldDiggings(1900)
JosephLadue,KlondykeFacts(1897)
A.E.IronmongerSola,Klondyke:TruthandFactsoftheNewElDorado(1897)
JosephLadue,KlondykeFacts(1897)
W.D.Lighthall,"TheToo-Much-GoldRiver,"inJosephLadue,KlondykeFacts(1897)..
RobertW.Service,"TheSpelloftheYukon"and"TheHeartoftheSourdough,"inTheSpelloftheYukonandOtherVerses(1907)
HughWells,"ThereIsaLand,"andAnonymous,"ThisIstheGrave,"CarvedintoTreesontheWaytotheYukon(1897)
4.TheSledDog
FROM:
RobertLeighton,DogsandAllAboutThem(1910)
EdwardJesse,AnecdotesofDogs(1878)
EgertonYoung,MyDogsintheNorthland(1902)
EdwardJesse,AnecdotesofDogs(1878)
EgertonYoung,MyDogsintheNorthland(1902)
RobertLeighton,DogsandAllAboutThem(1910)
H.M.Robinson,TheGreatFurLand;or,SketchesofLifeintheHudson'sBayTerritory(1879)
RobertLeighton,TheNewBookoftheDog(1907)
EgertonYoung,MyDogsintheNorthland(1902)
EgertonYoung,MyDogsintheNorthland(1902)
WilliamB.Haskell,TwoYearsintheKlondikeandAlaskanGold-Fields(1898)
"NomeDogsBattleBlizzard,"SanFrancisco
Chronicle(Monday,February2,1925)
5.Humans'Relationshipwith/tnimals:TheIssueofCruelty
FROM:
TheFirstBookofMosesCalledGenesisintheKing
JamesVersionoftheBible
H.M.Robinson,TheGreatFurLand;or,Sketchesof
LifeintheHudson'sBayTerritory(1879)
ArthurTreadwellWalden,ADog-Puncheronthe
Yukon(1928)
WilliamB.Haskell,TwoYearsintheKlondikeand
AlaskanGold-Fields(1898)
EgertonYoung,MyDogsintheNorthland(1902)
AnnaSewell,BlackBeauty(1894)
"OurMission,"PETAWebSite
6.TheWolf:Symbol,Myth,andIssue
FROM:
"Wolves,"inTheColonialLawsofMassachusetts(1887)
H.PerryRobinson,OfDistinguisbedAnimals(1911)
NathanielReed,"LettertoEdwardA.Garmatz,Chairman,CommitteeonMerchantMarineandFisheries,HouseofRepresentatives,1972,"inPredatoryMammalsandEndangeredSpecies.
HearingsbeforetheSubcommitteeonFisheriesandWildlifeConservation(1972)
ArabyColton,"LettertoWolfDefenders,"inPredatoryMammalsandEndangeredSpecies(1972)
"StatementofHon.RonMarlenee,U.S.RepresentativefromMontana,"inEndangeredSpeciesActReautborization.HearingbeforetheSubcommitteeonFisheriesandWildlifeConservationandtheEnvironment(1987)
"TestimonyofFrankDunkle,DirectorofFishandWildlifeService,"inEndangeredSpeciesAct
Reautborization(1987)
Index
……[看更多目录]
序言Jack London, an illegitimate child born in San Francisco in 1876and reared in poverty across the bay in Oakland, California, hadbecome the highest-paid, most widely read, and best-known writerin America by the time he was thirty-seven years old. In part, Lon-don achieved such tremendous popularity because he was thequintessential American adventurer, a westerner living in a countrythat culturally thrived on and was identified with exploration ofunknown territory. He lived an adventurous life and then usedevents from his own life as fodder for his profession as a writer.At the early age of fifteen, he bought a small boat and embarkedon an illegal and dangerous career as an "oyster pirate," raidingother men's lucrative oyster beds in San Francisco Bay. Then hejoined the other side of the law in an equally hazardous job, help-ing the California Fish Patrol capture commercial fishermen plyingtheir trade illegally in the bay. At seventeen, he signed on as anable-bodied seaman for a perilous seven-month seal-hunting ex-pedition in the Pacific Ocean, a journey that took him to Hawaii,Siberian Russia, and Japan, where he and the rest of the crew al-most lost their lives in a treacherous typhoon. In 1894, at eighteen,he hoboed across the country, on foot and in boxcars, as part ofa social protest by a group of unemployed men who called them-selves "Kelly's Army." Passing through Erie County, Ohio, on thistrek, he was arrested for vagrancy and served time in a peniten-tiary. After his release, he made his way up the east coast and thenreturned to California across Canada by coal car and down fromVancouver by ship, earning his way by stoking coal. Two years later, in 1897, at the age of twenty-one, he set sail forJuneau, Alaska, to join the great rush for gold in the Yukon, ajourney that required climbs over jagged, icy peaks and downtreacherous rapids just to reach the gold fields. After enduring abitter subarctic winter there digging for instant wealth, in latespring, while suffering from scurvy, he rafted down the YukonRiver on his way back home to California. These adventures, especially his Yukon experience, narrated to the public in his writings, made him an international hero whose escapades were oftennewspaper headlines. The publication that first brought Jack London worldwide fameand continues to be his best-known work is a short novel whosemain character is a Yukon sled dog named Buck. That work, begunin December 1902 and published in 1903, was entitled/be Call ofthe Wild. London had earlier written a short story entitled "Batard," inwhich a demonic dog kills his equally demonic owner. Londonoriginally saw the story of the noble, sympathetic Buck as his apol-ogy for having written "Battard." He planned it as a 4,000-wordshort story for a magazine. But the project soon overtook him, ashe described it. In the two months it took him to write it, it grewto a 27,000-word novel. The result was an indisputable classic. The success of this novel, which appeared serially in the Satur-day Evening Post and was published as a book by the MacmillanCompany, has been nothing short of phenomenal. On July 1, 1903,the day of its publication, 10,00Ocopies were sold. Within the first forty-three years of its publication, 6 million copies were sold inthe United States alone. Furthermore, the book was even morewidely read and acclaimed in countries outside the United States.At the end of the twentieth century, it has been translated intosome ninety foreign languages. The novel has sold better and hasgone through more printings in France and Germany than in theUnited States, is one of the most popular American books read inChina and Japan, and is the most widely read American book inRussia. The total sales throughout the world, counted in the tensof millions, have made it an international best-seller of all time.
文摘
AN ALLEGORY OF MAN
The Call of the Wild is not only a story of a dog's adventuroustransformation; it is also a story in which a dog's life reflects truthsabout the human condition. In this sense, the novel bears someresemblance to the literary form known as the beast fable, whichgives human characteristics to an animal in order to illustrate orsatirize human society and human nature. The familiar story of therace between the tortoise and the hare, for example, illustrates thefolly of human arrogance and the value of human persistence.
The other dogs are largely one dimensional fable types whocan be described with adjectives usually given to humans. Daveis old and wants to be left alone. Joe is testy and mean tempered.Buck, on the other hand, is a more complex humanized animalthan those found in fables. Even the first sentence states that if hecould read, he would know that dogs were being kidnapped forservice in the Yukon. Throughout, in human fashion, he observesand draws conclusions. At first he has moral scruples, and healways seems to understand human language. John Thornton saysto Buck, "God! you can all but speak!" (43).
On an individual level, Buck seems to parallel Jack London him-self. Like Buck, London was born and grew up in northern Cali-fornia. After leaving home, he traveled deeper and deeper into theheart of darkness, as Buck does, observing the depths to whichhuman beings can sink in their treatment of each other and thesavagery of nature itself. As a young man, London began to experience the violence and hardship caused by nature and man inthe jobs he took on for survival: working on ranches, farms, andcanneries in California, where living and working conditions wereabominable. He got his glimpse of human hardship in the sweat-shops operating around San Francisco. His search for adventurebrought him into contact with the violence of nature during a seal-hunting expedition in Hawaii, where he was also shocked by whatman had done to man.
