主语：比如说我吃了巧克力．从语文角度我是主语．英语也一样啊，如：that we shall be late is certian .that 引导的这句（直到be动词is 为止）是主语．就是什么是怎么样的．什么就是主语．
动词：分be动词和助动词．is are am 都是be 动词．就是什么是什么的＂是＂相当于下定义那种．而助动词就是do 啊，还有平时的动作也算．be动词后面带的就是表语．that is what he meant .what he meant 就是表语．动词后面的是宾语．直接宾语一般指动作的直接承受者，间接指动作所向的或所为的人或物．i gei my map to him .my map 是直接宾语．him 是间接的．补足宾语意义的句子叫宾语补语．i find the book very interesting .interesting 就是宾语补语．
主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，如“我写字”中的“我”，就是主语，它做出“写”
这个动作。“写”则是谓语，而“字”是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象，它因此被称为宾
语，有的语法书也称它为“客体”或“受体”。
主语可以这些列词类或形式来担任：名词，代词，名词化了的动词，形容词，分词，副词或数词等
动词是表示动作或状态的词。 例如： work，工作 , study，学习，eat 吃。
动词的分类：动词有两种分类方法。
1） 限定动词和非限定动词。
2）实义动词，连系动词，情态动词和助动词。
在英语中，有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整，还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作，这种“宾语＋宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语，其特点是“宾语与宾补在逻辑上有着主谓或主表关系”。表语是说明主语身份，职业，性质，状态或特征的句子成分，它只能与 sein, werden,
bleiben, scheinen, heissen 这些联系动词连用：
英语中，有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，指人的宾语叫做间接宾语，指物的宾语叫做直接宾语。通常的结构是：“助词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”或“动词 + 直接宾语 +for / to+ 间接宾语”。介词 to 表示动作对谁做的， for 表示动作为谁做的。
Subject - a noun, noun phrase or pornoun representing the person or thing that performs the action of the verb.
Eg. I in I sat down (I is the subject).
Verb - a word or group of words that expresses an action (such as eat), an event (such as happen) or a state (such as exist)
Eg. I eat an apple (eat is a verb)
Object - a thing that can be seen and touched, but is NOT ALIVE.
Eg. everyday/household objects/Glass and plastic objects lined the shelves
Predicative - (of an adjective) coming after a verb such as be, become get, seem, look. Many adjectives, for example OLD can be either predicative as in THE MAN IS VERY OLD. Some, like ASLEEP, can only be predicative.
Indirect Object - a noun, noun phrase or pronoun in a sentence, used after some verybs that refers to the person or thing that an action is done to or for
Eg In 'Give him the money', 'him' is the indirect object and 'money' is the direct object.
Direct Object - a noun, noun phrase or pronoun that refers to a person or thing that is directly affected by the action of a verb.
Eg. In 'I met him in town', the word 'him' is the direct object.
Objective complement - A noun, adjective, or pronoun serving as a complement to a verb and qualifying its direct object, as governor in They elected him governor.
表语是 Predicative / 谓语性的
参考资料：OXFORD DICTIONARY
