九、砂轮静平衡检验操作规程
砂轮平衡检验是检查帮轮组织均匀性和几何形状正确性的手段之一，是保证用户磨削质量的关键。因此，检查员应集中精力，严格按标准进行检查，其操作方法按本规程执行。
1 平衡检查的范围
按GB2492—84的规定，下列型号的砂轮应进行平衡检查：钹形砂轮和直径为150mm及更大且重量在0.2kg以上的陶瓷、树脂及橡胶结合剂普通砂轮。筒形砂轮、筒形带槽、磨砖砂轮、螺栓紧固平行砂轮、孔槽砂轮、杯形、碗形、无心磨导轮和磨轴承球基面砂轮不作平衡检查。
2 检测工具及检查设备
轴辊式平衡器、平衡心轴、平衡砝码、水平仪，ф200平衡盘和扳手。
3 平衡器和平衡轴的要求及调整方法
所有平衡器钢轴和平衡心轴应符合标准规定。平衡器上两根钢轴直径应相同，表面粗糙度Ra≤1.6um，硬度HRc≥50；两根钢轴应保持平行，使用前必须用水平仪校正、调整，使两根轴辊处于水平状态并处于同一平面上；检验用的平衡心轴表面粗糙度Ra≤1.6um，硬度HRc≥50，并应预先经过平衡，若不平衡，用调整平衡块进行调整。平衡器每半年应检定一次其灵敏度，用D32平衡轴和ф200平衡盘检测静平衡系统的最大剩余不平衡量，其值应不大于160g•mm，同时平衡器应每年由机械部第四计量测试中心站或其委托机构检定一次并开具检定合格证书。
4 检验方法
4.1 最大静不平衡值的确定
砂轮的允许最大不平衡值的确定按GB2492-84《砂轮静平衡检验方法及不平衡数值》的规定选择K系数值：按《砂轮单重本》查出其单重M，按ma=K 计算出允许不平衡克数值，数据处理到个位数，对于标称一等品品种砂轮和出口砂轮，其允许的最大静不平衡值ma，按ma=0.875K 计算，数据处理到个位数。
4.2 检测规定
4.2.1 核对施工单是否与实物相符，如不符应通知有关部门处理。
4.2.2 操作方法
4.2.2.1 根据砂轮孔径的大小选用相应的平衡心轴。
4.2.2.2 将平衡心轴小头一端穿入砂轮孔径内，使之卡紧孔壁，砂轮应与平衡心轴垂直。
4.2.2.3 将装好平衡心轴的砂轮，轻轻置于平衡器钢轴上，应使平衡心轴中心线与平衡器钢轴垂直，并使用砂轮对称于钢轴之间。
4.2.2.4 检验时轻轻转动砂轮，使其缓缓转动，当砂轮停止时，砂轮上部的顶点为轻点，将平衡砝码夹子的1/2-2/3的长度卡上，然后将砂轮转动90°，确定砂轮平衡值是否合格，如不符合标准规定，找出原因，进行返修或作报废处理。
4.2.2.5 每批产品检查完毕后，检查员应在施工单上签字并做好检测记录，填写废品通知单。
5 补充说明
由于成型组织不均，造成砂轮不平衡，不平衡克数未超过标准规定值的二分之一者，在满足质量标准的情况下，可用返修两端面挽救产品，不平衡克数超过标准二分之一者不再返修挽救。
6 注意事项
6.1 外径为500mm及更大的砂轮，应以箭头标志其不平衡位置，箭头应指向砂轮轻侧。
砂轮不得用造成偏心的返修方法校正平衡；磨曲轴砂轮，磨螺纹砂轮、橡胶磨沟道砂轮、出口砂轮不允许用造成两端不平行的方法来校正平衡。
參考答案:9. Laboratory Operation static balance wheel balancing test checks wheel uniformity and geometry to help organizations round of the correctness of one of the means Grinding Quality is the key to ensuring users. Therefore, the inspectors should focus on strict standards and inspection, order the implementation of this operation. 1 GB2492-84 balanced by the scope of the inspection, the following models of wheel balance should check : Cymbal wheel diameter of 150mm and weighing 0.2kg of greater and more ceramics, resins and rubber binder ordinary wheel. Wheel cylinder, cylinder slot, brick grinding wheel, the bolts fastening parallel wheel, wheel slot, cup-shaped Bowl. centreless grinding wheel bearings and ball mill grinding wheel base not balance check. 2-axis tool for measuring and inspection equipment Roll balance, a balance mandrel balance weight Level, evidently 200 balance disc and wrench. Balance Shaft 3 Balancer and all the requirements and methodologies for adjustments Balancer steel spindle axis and the balance should be in conformity with the standard specifications. Balancer there should be two of the same diameter steel shaft and the surface roughness Ra ≤ 1.6um hardness HRc ≥ 50; using two parallel steel shaft should be used to be horizontal instrument calibration adjustment Roll make two shafts at the state level and at the same plane. Mandrel testing of surface roughness Ra ≤ 1.6um balance hardness HRc ≥ 50, and advance through balance If unbalanced, adjusted by adjusting the balance blocks. Balancer per annum should be the first test of its sensitivity. Flat Balance Shaft with 200 balance disc detection static equilibrium and evidently the greatest amount of residual imbalance. • wet mm should not exceed its value. Balancer also be measured annually by the Ministry of Machine fourth test hubs or its clients written test and a test certificate. 4 4.1 biggest test method to determine the value of the static unbalance the wheel to allow the largest imbalance GB2492-84< wheel to determine the value of the static balance tests and numerical imbalance "between the K numerical choices : according to the "wheel of the single" found its single M, calculated by ma=K allow numerical imbalance grams, and data processing to single digits. For a nominal first-wheel varieties and export goods wheel, the maximum allowable static unbalance value ma. by ma=0.875K, data processing to single digits. 4.2 4.2.1 provides detection and physical check whether the construction of single-line, if not should notify the concerned authorities. 4.2.2 4.2.2.1 operation under aperture size to the corresponding equilibrium wheel spindle. 4.2.2.2 will be the first of many invasive balance wheel spindle small aperture, so tight hole card. Wheel balance with the vertical center axis. 4.2.2.3 balance will be installed in the wheel spindle and gently placed Balancer steel shaft. should balance spindle axis and the vertical axis balancers steel and steel used in the axial symmetry between the wheel. 4.2.2.4 test gently rotating wheel, turning it slowly, when the wheel stopped, the culmination of the upper wheel light, to balance the weight pigs 1/2-2/3 length card, and then 90 ° rotating wheel. qualified to determine whether the balance wheel, if it does not meet standards, we should find out the reasons for repair or scrap. 4.2.2.5 after each product inspection, the inspectors should do a good job in testing and construction of single sign records If a complete waste. Since forming five organizations add uneven, causing wheel imbalance Croatian imbalance does not exceed half the value of standards, to meet quality standards in the circumstances, Repair products can be used to save the ends, more than a few grams of uneven standards Rework half no longer save. 6.1 6 attention, and a larger wheel diameter of 500mm, with arrow signs unbalanced position, arrow at the wheel should light side. Wheel Repair method shall not be used for the correction caused by eccentric balance; Crankshaft grinding wheel, thread grinding wheel, grinding groove rubber wheel. not allowed to use the parallel ends wheel caused exports to the correct balance.
