in casting a backward glance over the 1870s New York society in the novel, Wharton ecamined the culture she was familiar with less because of her nostalgia, as Judith Fryer and many other critics had arguedm than because of her intention to ponder on past and present. Her depiction of the "long-vanished America" in this novel unfolds to the reader her understanding of her background, as Cynthia Griffin Wolff notes,--"a coming to terms with one's past, not a flight from it".
參考答案:在该小说中,通过对19世纪70年代纽约社会的回顾, Wharton对她所熟悉的文化作了阐释,这并非像Judith Fryer及其他一些评论家所评论的一样是出于乡愁,而是因为她意在思考过去与现在。她在该小说中对“久已消失的美利坚”的描述向读者们描绘了她对她所经历的时代的理解,正如Cynthia Griffin Wolff所评:--"是对人们过去的一种回望,而不是飞越".