五、数据挖掘的主要方法
目前，国外有许多研究机构、公司和学术组织在从事数据挖掘工具的研究和开发。这些数据挖掘工具采用的主要方法包括决策树、相关规则、神经元网络、遗传算法，以及可视化、OLAP联机分析处理等。另外也采用了传统的统计方法。
1、决策树(Decision Tree)
2、神经网络(Neural Network)
3、相关规则
4、K-nearest邻居
5、遗传算法
6、联机分析处理(OLAP)
7、数据可视化(Data Visualization)
六、数据挖掘的主要应用
目前，数据挖掘的研究和应用非常热门，应用主要集中在以下几个领域：
1、金融
数据挖掘在金融领域应用广泛，包括：金融市场分析和预测、帐户分类、银行担保和信用评估等。这些金融业务都需要收集和处理大量数据，很难通过人工或使用一两个小型软件进行分析预测。而数据挖掘可以通过对已有数据的处理，找到数据对象的特征和对象之间的关系，并可观察到金融市场的变化趋势。然后利用学习到的模式进行合理的分析预测，进而发现某个客户、消费群体或组织的金融和商业兴趣等。
2、市场业
市场业应用是利用数据挖掘技术进行市场定位和消费者分析，辅助制定市场策略。
由于管理信息系统和POS系统在市场业的广泛普及，人们很容易得到顾客购买情况的数据。利用数据挖掘技术，如：相关规则、模糊推理及统计方法等，通过对顾客历史数据的分析，可以得到关于顾客购买取向和兴趣的信息，无疑为商业决策提供了可靠的依据。
3、工程与科学研究
数据挖掘技术可应用于各种工程与科学数据分析。
随着先进的科学数据收集工具的使用，如观测卫星、遥感器、DNA分子技术等，面对庞大的数据，传统的数据分析工具无能为力。数据挖掘技术以其强大的智能性和自动性，在工程和科学研究中得到广泛应用。
数据挖掘在天文学和生物学中都有极为成功的案例。例如：在天文学应用中，Jet Propulsion实验室利用决策树方法对上百万天体进行分类，效果比人工更快、更准确。这个系统还帮助发现了10个新的类星体。
4、产品制造业
制造业应用数据挖掘技术进行零部件故障诊断、资源优化、生产过程分析等。
例如：HP 公司的工程师使用Angoss Software的Knowledge Seeker来进行HPⅡc彩色扫描仪的生产过程分析。他们基于大约200个参数建立了一个自动数据收集系统，产生了难以手工处理的大量数据。
5、司法
数据挖掘技术可应用于案件调查、诈骗监测、洗钱认证、犯罪组织分析等，可以给司法工作带来巨大收益。
例如：美国财政部使用NetMap开发了一个叫FAIS的系统。这个系统对各类金融事务进行监测，识别洗钱、诈骗等。该系统从1993年3月开始运行，每周处理约20万个事务，针对超过1亿美元并可能是洗钱的事务产生了400多个调查报告。
參考答案:Five, the main method of data excavation
Currently, the abroad has many think factories, companies with academic the organization be being engaged in data excavation the research and the development of the tool.These datas scoop out the main method of tool adoption to include decision tree, related rule, nerve dollar a network and inherit calculate way, and can see to turn, OLAP allied machine analysis processing etc..Also adopted a traditional covariance method moreover.
1, decision tree(Decision Tree)
2, nerve network(Neural Network)
3, related rule
4, K-nearest neighbor
5, heredity calculate way
6, unite machine analysis a processing(OLAP)
7, the data can see to turn(Data Visualization)
Six, the data scoop out of main application
Currently, the data scoops out of research and apply very popular, applied main concentration at the following a few realms:
1, finance
The data scoops out at the financial realm applied extensive, include:Financial market analysis and estimate, account classification, bank guarantee and reputation evaluate etc..These financial businesses all need to collect and handle a great deal of data, can hardly pass artificial or use 12 small scaled softwares to carry on an analytical estimate.But the data excavation can pass to have the processing of data to already, finding out the characteristic relationship with of object of data object, and can observe the variety trend of financial market.Then the mode made use of to study carry on reasonable of analyze an estimate, then discover a certain customer and consume the finance and business interest etc. of community or organization.
2, market industry
The market industry application is to make use of a data excavation's technique to carry on market fixed position and consumer analysis, assistance establishment market strategy.
Because of system and POS system's extensive universality in market industry of the management information, people get the data that the customer purchases a circumstance very easily.Make use of a data excavation technique, such as:The related rule, faintness reasons logically and statisticses method etc., passing the analysis to the customer history data, can get and purchase the information of the mindset and interest concerning the customer, provide a dependable basis for the business decision doubtless.
3, engineering and science research
The data excavation technique can be applied in various engineering and science data analysis.
Along with the usage of the forerunner's science data collections tool, if prognosticate satellite, 遥 feeling machine, DNA member technique...etc., face a huge data, traditional data analysis the tool is incapable for the dint.The data scoops out a technique with its strong intelligence and automatism, getting in the engineering and science research extensively applied.
The data scoops out in the astronomy and the biology to all have an extremely successful case.For example:In the astronomy the application, the laboratory of Jet Propulsion makes use of a decision tree method to carry on a classification to top million heavenly bodies, result than artificial sooner, more accurate.This system still helped to discover 10 new type a star body.
4, product manufacturing industry
The manufacturing industry application data scoops out a technique to carry on zero partses to break down diagnosis, resources excellent turn, production line analysis etc..
For example:The engineer of HP company uses the Knowledge Seeker of Angoss Software to carry on the production line analysis of the HP Ⅱ c colorful scanner.They according to built up the collections system of an auto data about 200 parameters, produced hard handicraft to handle of a great deal of data.
5, judicatory
The data excavation technique can be applied in case inquisition, deceive a monitor and wash money attestation, crime organization analysis...etc., can bring judicial work huge income.
For example:The American Ministry of Finance usage NetMap developed a system which calls FAIS.This system carries on a monitor to each kind of financial business, identifying to wash money, deceive...etc..That system movement since March,1993, handle about 200,000 businesses every week, aim at more than USD 100,000,000 also may be wash money of the business produce more than 400 investigation reports.
