1.爱国主义作为一个历史的概念,象中国古代的"天下兴亡,匹夫有责"的国家、民族利益至上观念，公而忘私、国而忘家的大公无私观念，不忘国耻，忧国忧民的民族忧患意识，精忠报国、舍身取义、勇赴国难的英勇献身精神，等等，都是这种民族精神的具体体现。
2.勤劳勇敢和自强不息精神是中华民族的优良品格。勤劳勇敢的精神是指中华民族吃苦耐劳 、勤俭节约、坚忍顽强的品格 ；而自强不息精神指的是中华民族的刚健有为、朝气蓬勃、奋发向上和百折不挠、不畏强暴的反抗斗争精神。
3.近代以来，中华民族长期遭受外来侵略，虽然身处逆境，却依然表现出了自强不息、不畏强暴、浴血奋战的民族反抗精神。
4.我们中华民族有同自己的敌人血战到底的气概，有在自力更生的基础上光复旧物的决心，有自立于世界民族之林的能力。
5.厚德载物精神与自强不息精神往往对举，如《易传》即以“天行健，君子以自强不息”和“地势坤，君子以厚德载物”来概述天地的精神，强调的是刚柔统一；老子哲学宣扬的也是以柔克刚的精神，等等。
參考答案:1. Patriotism as a historical concept. Such as the concept of national and racial interests, eg. "The fate of the world is every man's responsibility"; the concept of selflessness, eg. "public interests before personal, national interests before family"; the concept of worrying for the nation, eg. "not forgetting national shame", "worry for the country and its people"; the concept of sacrifice, eg. "repay the country with loyalty", "heroic sacrifice", "answer the nation's call", etc. are all reflections of patriotism in Chinese history.
2. Diligence, courage and perseverance are all virtues of the Chinese race. Diligence and courage means endurance, frugality and tenacity. Perseverance means self reliance, vivacity, resilience and a fighting spirit that does not budge in the face of violence.
3. In recent times, the Chinese race has suffered a long period of invasions. Even though they never had the upper-hand, they stilled showed the resilience, courage and their fighting spirit before their invaders.
4. The Chinese people have the courage to fight their enemies to the death, the resilience for regeneration, and the strength to stand amongst other races of the world family.
5. Breadth of character is often mentioned alongside the spirit of perseverance. <I-Ching> describes the characters of heaven and earth as:
"The movement of heaven is full of power. Thus the superior man makes himself strong and untiring."
and
"The earth's condition is receptive devotion. Thus the superior man who has breadth of character. Carries the outer world."
The integration of strength and flexibility is emphasised here. Lao Tze's philosophy also speaks of using flexibility to overcome the strong, etc.
