摘要：自燃人的民事权利能力是自然人依法取得民事权利、承担民事义务的资格。在民法史上它的发展是一个历史的发展、演进的过程。从现代的人权观念来看，自然人的民事权利能力应是开始于生命的开始，终于生命的结束。而且自然人的民事权利能力是平等的，不应有一般的民事权利能力和特殊的民事权利能力之分。因为胎儿也具有生命，故胎儿也具有民事权利能力，同时也应赋予无国籍人以民事权利能力。 而死者因为没有了生命，所以也就没有了民事权利能力。
关键词：自然人、民事权利能力、生命
“自然人”的概念最早引入民法规定中是1900年的《德国民法典》。在1922年的苏俄民法典首次使用“公民”的概念后，各国民法中有的使用“公民”的概念，有的继续沿用“自然人”的概念。 “自然人”的概念更多强调人的自然属性，而“公民”更多的强调作为权利主体的人的社会法律属性。在承认公法与私法划分的国家或地区，自然人是属于私法范畴，而公民被认为是属于公法范畴。而在不承认公、私法划分的国家中，公民和自然人的差别并不大。我国民法通则中是将“自然人”和“公民”两个概念并用的，不过在民法学说中倾向与使用“自然人”的概念。
在民法长期的发展过程中，自然人权利能力的制度始终伴随着民法的演进而演进。民法的首要问题是人的问题，这是民法一系列原则、制度的出发点和归宿点。同时，人的问题在民法中，并不仅仅是法律关系的参加者以及法律后果的承受者的问题，人，尤其是自然人，作为万物之灵，始终面临着一个“人应当怎样被看待、怎样被对待”的问题。这就涉及到自然人的民事权利能力问题。
參考答案:Abstract: The spontaneous combustion person's civil right ability is the natural person legally obtains the civil right, undertakes the civil obligation qualifications. In the civil law history its development is a historical development, the evolution process. Looked from the modern human rights idea that, natural person's civil right ability should be starts in the life start, finally life conclusion. Moreover natural person's of civil right ability is equal, should not have division of general civil right ability and the special civil right ability. Because the embryo also has the life, therefore the embryo also has the civil right ability, simultaneously also should entrust with the stateless person by the civil right ability. But dead because did not have the life, therefore also did not have the civil right ability. Key word: Natural person, civil right ability, life "natural person" the concept most early introduced in the civil law stipulation is 1900 "German People Statute book". Used "the citizen" for the first time after 1922 Soviet Russian people statute book the concept, in the various countries' civil law had use "citizen" the concept, some continuations continued to use "the natural person" concept. "Natural person" the concept emphasizes person's natural attribute much, but "the citizen" more emphases takes the subject of object person's social law attribute. The country or the area divide which in the acknowledgement public law and the civil law, the natural person belongs to the civil law category, but the citizen was considered belongs to the public law category. But in did not acknowledge male, in civil law division country, the citizen and natural person's difference is not certainly big. In our country general provisions of the civil law is and "the citizen" two concepts and uses "the natural person", but in civil law theory tendency and use "natural person" concept. In the civil law long-term developing process, the natural person right ability system throughout follows the civil law to develop then the evolution. The civil law most important question is person's question, this is civil law a series of principles, the system starting point and the home to return to spot. At the same time, human's question in the civil law, certainly not merely is the legal relationship participant as well as the legal consequence withstand question, the person, the natural person, took in particular spirit of the myriad things, throughout does face "how the person to have to regard, how treats" the question. This involves to natural person's civil right ability question.
