2. 在涂料方面的应用
纳米材料由于其表面和结构的特殊性，具有一般材料难以获得的优异性能，显示出强大的生命力。表面涂层技术也是当今世界关注的热点。纳米材料为表面涂层提供了良好的机遇，使得材料的功能化具有极大的可能。借助于传统的涂层技术，添加纳米材料，可获得纳米复合体系涂层，实现功能的飞跃，使得传统涂层功能改性。涂层按其用途可分为结构涂层和功能涂层。结构涂层是指涂层提高基体的某些性质和改性；功能涂层是赋予基体所不具备的性能，从而获得传统涂层没有的功能。结构涂层有超硬、耐磨涂层，抗氧化、耐热、阻燃涂层，耐腐蚀、装饰涂层等；功能涂层有消光、光反射、光选择吸收的光学涂层，导电、绝缘、半导体特性的电学涂层，氧敏、湿敏、气敏的敏感特性涂层等。在涂料中加入纳米材料，可进一步提高其防护能力，实现防紫外线照射、耐大气侵害和抗降解、变色等，在卫生用品上应用可起到杀菌保洁作用。在标牌上使用纳米材料涂层，可利用其光学特性，达到储存太阳能、节约能源的目的。在建材产品如玻璃、涂料中加入适宜的纳米材料，可以达到减少光的透射和热传递效果，产生隔热、阻燃等效果。日本松下公司已研制出具有良好静电屏蔽的纳米涂料，所应用的纳米微粒有氧化铁、二氧化钛和氧化锌等。这些具有半导体特性的纳米氧化物粒子，在室温下具有比常规的氧化物高的导电特性，因而能起到静电屏蔽作用，而且氧化物纳米微粒的颜色不同，这样还可以通过复合控制静电屏蔽涂料的颜色，克服炭黑静电屏蔽涂料只有单一颜色的单调性。纳米材料的颜色不仅随粒径而变，还具有随角变色效应。在汽车的装饰喷涂业中，将纳米TiO2添加在汽车、轿车的金属闪光面漆中，能使涂层产生丰富而神秘的色彩效果，从而使传统汽车面漆旧貌换新颜。纳米SiO2是一种抗紫外线辐射材料。在涂料中加入纳米SiO2，可使涂料的抗老化性能、光洁度及强度成倍地增加。纳米涂层具有良好的应用前景，将为涂层技术带来一场新的技术革命，也将推动复合材料的研究开发与应用。
參考答案:In a coating aspect application nanometer material as a result of its superficial and the structure particularity, has the outstanding performance which the common material obtains with difficulty, demonstrates the formidable vitality. The superficial coating technology also is now the world attention hot spot. A nanometer material has provided the good opportunity for the superficial coating, enables the material the function to have the enormous possibility. With the aid of to the traditional coating technology, an increase nanometer material, may obtain the nanometer compound system coating, the realization function leap, causes the traditional coating function modification. The coating may divide into the structure coating and the function coating according to its use. The structure coating is refers to the coating to enhance the substrate certain nature and the modification;The function coating entrusts with the performance which the substrate does not have, thus obtains the traditional coating no function. The structure coating has hard, the wear-resisting coating ultra, the anti- oxidation, heat-resisting, anti- burns the coating, is anti-corrosive, the decoration coating and so on; The function coating has the extinction, the light reflection, the light choice absorption optics coating, the electric conduction, the insulation, the semiconductor characteristic electricity coating, the oxygen sensitive, wet is sensitive, is mad the sensitive sensitive characteristic coating and so on. Joins a nanometer material in the coating, may further sharpen its protection capability, the realization guards against the ultraviolet ray illumination, bears the atmospheric violation and the anti- degeneration, changes color and so on, the application may play the sterilization on the hygienic thing to maintain cleanliness the role. Uses the nanometer material coating in the product label, may use its optics characteristic, achieves the storage solar energy, the frugal energy goal. In the building materials product like glass, the coating joins a nanometer material which is suitable, may achieve the reduced light the transmission and the heat transfer effect, have the heat insulation anti-, burns and so on the effect. The Japanese Matushita company has developed has the good electric shield a nanometer coating, applies a nanometer particle has the ferric oxide, the titanium dioxide and the zinc oxide and so on.These have the semiconductor characteristic nanometer oxide compound granule, has under the room temperature compared to the conventional oxide compound high electric conduction characteristic, thus can play the electric shield role, moreover the oxide compound nanometer particle color is different, like this also may through the compound control electric shield coating color, overcome the carbon black electric shield coating only to have the sole color the monotony. The nanometer material color not only changes along with the particle size, but also has along with the angle changes color the effect. Spurts spreading industry in the automobile decoration center, nanometer TiO2 will increase in the automobile, the passenger vehicle metal flash 面漆 center, will be able to cause the coating to have rich and the mystical color effect, thus will cause the traditional automobile 面漆 old appearance to trade 新颜. Nanometer SiO2 is one kind of anti- ultraviolet ray radiation material. Joins nanometer SiO2 in the coating, may cause the coating the anti- aged performance, the smooth finish and the intensity becomes doubles the place increase. A nanometer coating will have the good application prospect, will bring a new technological revolution for the coating technology, also will impel the compound material the research development and the application.
