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Air Pollutants Source and Effect
Air contaminants are categorized in this text as particulate matter and gases and their associated forms,including dust,smoke,fumes,mist,and vapor .A substance is not normally identified as an air contaminant until its presence and concentration actually or potentially produce or contribut to development of a deleterious effect.
Sources of Air Contaminants
Air contaminants originate in a wide variety of chemical compositions and different physical states and are emitted from a diversity of sources .Discussions follow which identify primary air contaminants and their principal sources.The term ‘primary’is used to denote direct emissions of a contaminant.In some cases,secondary air contaminants are formed in the atmosphere by chemical interactions among primary contaminants and normal atmospheric constituents.
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide(CO) is a colorless,odorless,tasteless gas formed primarily by the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuels.Important variables affecting the emission concentration include combustion chamber residence time and turbulence,flame temperature ,and oxygen concentration.
By far,the major source of carbon monoxide is fuel combustion in the internal combustion engine of mobile sources. Miscellaneous combustion sources and industrial processes contribute to a much lesser extent.
A companion gas emission from fuel combustion is carbon dioxide (CO2) ,which is also a secondary contaminant formed by the oxidation of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere.
參考答案:Air Pollutants Source and Effect
Air contaminants are categorized in this text as particulate matter and gases and their associated forms,including dust,smoke,fumes,mist,and vapor .A substance is not normally identified as an air contaminant until its presence and concentration actually or potentially produce or contribut to development of a deleterious effect.
空气污染物质的来源和（危害）作用
空气污染物在本文中按颗粒质量的大小，气体，以及它们相应的形态而分类，包括尘埃,烟雾,浓烟,和蒸气。一种物质通常不被认为空气污染物直到它的存在和浓度实际上或潜在地导致或参与有害作用的形成和发展。
Sources of Air Contaminants
Air contaminants originate in a wide variety of chemical compositions and different physical states and are emitted from a diversity of sources .Discussions follow which identify primary air contaminants and their principal sources.The term ‘primary’is used to denote direct emissions of a contaminant.In some cases,secondary air contaminants are formed in the atmosphere by chemical interactions among primary contaminants and normal atmospheric constituents.
空气污染物的来源
空气污染物来源于各式各样的化学成分和不同的物理状态，并且有着广泛的散发源。这里的讨论集中在识别初级的空气污染物和他们的主要来源。这里，词汇 ”初级的” 被用来指污染物的直接散发。在某种情形下，次级的空气污染物由初级的污染物在大气中的相互化学作用以及与大气成份中的正常化学组份相互作用而形成。
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide(CO) is a colorless,odorless,tasteless gas formed primarily by the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuels.Important variables affecting the emission concentration include combustion chamber residence time and turbulence,flame temperature ,and oxygen concentration.
By far,the major source of carbon monoxide is fuel combustion in the internal combustion engine of mobile sources. Miscellaneous combustion sources and industrial processes contribute to a much lesser extent.
A companion gas emission from fuel combustion is carbon dioxide (CO2) ,which is also a secondary contaminant formed by the oxidation of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere.
一氧化碳
一氧化碳 (CO) 是一种无色、无嗅、并且没有味道的气体，主要由含碳燃料的不完全燃烧而形成。影响散发浓度的重要变数包括燃烧室滞留时间以及紊流，火焰温度，和氧气的浓度。至今，一氧化碳主要来源于移动来源（汽车，火车，轮船等）的内燃机中的燃料燃烧。 各种其它的燃烧来源和工业流程对此贡献要小得多。
燃料燃烧的一种附带的气体排放物是二氧化碳，它也是一种次级的空气污染物，由一氧化碳在大气中氧化而形成。
