专辑英文名: Great Composers - Mahler
专辑中文名: 伟大作曲家之马勒
艺术家: Gustav Mahler
资源格式: MP3
版本: [2 CD Set] [Disc 1+2]
发行时间: 1988年
地区: 美国
简介:
光碟数目：2 CD
压缩码率：OBR 128 Kbps
专辑介绍:
马勒 Gustav Mahler (1860-1911) 奥地利作曲家、指挥家马勒1860年7月7日出生於波西米亚，是个酿酒场老闆的儿子，10岁那年他在家乡举行一场钢琴独奏会，隔年他被送到布拉格唸书，但唸了两年就因为他身体虚弱便休学返家。
在1885年，一位听过他演奏的农场经理觉得他的天份非凡，便建议且带他至维也纳音乐院接受当时有名的钢琴教授Juilius Epstein的指导。
但在他获得学校钢琴比赛的冠军后，他反而想转往作曲方面发展，同时他也在维也纳大学修读哲学课程并私下研读Bruckner(布鲁克纳)的文章。
两年后，他在学校一面教授钢琴，也一面在为他第一个作品写剧本，而这第一个作品就是「Das klagende Lied」(悲伤之歌)。
他指挥生涯的开始是从1880年，在奥地利北部的小剧院。
1883年至1885年他又换到另一个地方，在这里他与一位女歌手有一段没结果的恋情，黯然离开到布拉格工作，这时他还为这位歌手女友写下一组歌曲，连歌词也是他写的。
而在布拉格时，他演出Mozart(莫札特)及Wagner(华格纳)的歌剧深获J. Brahms(布拉姆斯)的讚赏。
在他三十一岁时便担任了汉堡歌剧院交响乐团指挥，之后又曾在莱比锡担任当时最负盛名的指挥家Arthur Nikisch的助理指挥，以及维也纳歌剧院的指挥达十年之久，而这十年是他一生中最灿烂活跃的时期，但因为他广大的名声加上大力改革，引起树大招风，使得他不得不离开维也纳歌剧院。
1909年他获聘为纽约爱乐交响乐团指挥，并在同时也指挥大都会歌剧院。后来因为心臟病加重，1911年2月回到他的故乡，5月18日便过世於维也纳。
他重要的作品包括多首交响曲，他的作品和声并非很和谐，主题也变化多端伏很大，并能在他的作品中找到许多民谣，像在第二、三、四号交响曲皆有出现)、圣咏调般的乐句，第八号则採用一首拉丁讚美诗，他的作品中的「大地之歌」(Das Lied von der Erde) 甚至还使用了一组联篇的中国诗(cycle of Chinese poems)。
目前现存的交响曲中最长的有几首都是马勒的作品。在第三首交响曲便有六个乐章，而第一乐章就有45分鐘长。第八首有「千人交响曲」之称因为当时在慕尼黑首演时台上就是这么多人。
而有几首交响曲乐团的规模，也较当时其他作曲家所使用得庞大。因此在音色变化、情感处理也显得比其他作品家的作品来得不寻常
Gustav Mahler (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʊstaf ˈmaːlɐ]; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was a late-Romantic Austrian composer and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer, he acted as a bridge between the 19th century Austro-German tradition and the modernism of the early 20th century. While in his lifetime his status as a conductor was established beyond question, his own music gained wide popularity only after periods of relative neglect which included a ban on its performance in much of Europe during the Nazi era. After 1945 the music was discovered and championed by a new generation of listeners; Mahler then became one of the most frequently performed and recorded of all composers, a position he has sustained into the 21st century.
Born in humble circumstances, Mahler showed his musical gifts at an early age. After graduating from the Vienna Conservatory in 1878, he held a succession of conducting posts of rising importance in the opera houses of Europe, culminating in his appointment in 1897 as director of the Vienna Court Opera (Hofoper). During his ten years in Vienna, Mahler—who had converted to Catholicism from Judaism to secure the post—experienced regular opposition and hostility from the anti-Semitic press. Nevertheless, his innovative productions and insistence on the highest performance standards ensured his reputation as one of the greatest of opera conductors, particularly as an interpreter of the stage works of Wagner and Mozart. Late in his life he was briefly director of New York's Metropolitan Opera and the New York Philharmonic.
Mahler's œuvre is relatively small—for much of his life composing was a part-time activity, secondary to conducting—and is confined to the genres of symphony and song, except for one piano quartet. Most of his ten symphonies are very large-scale works, several of which employ soloists and choirs in addition to augmented orchestral forces. These works were often controversial when first performed, and were slow to receive critical and popular approval; an exception was the triumphant premiere of his Eighth Symphony in 1910. Mahler's immediate musical successors were the composers of the Second Viennese School, notably Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg and Anton Webern. Shostakovich and Benjamin Britten are among later 20th-century composers who admired and were influenced by Mahler. The International Gustav Mahler Institute was established in 1955, to honour the composer's life and work.
