催化剂分离、再生与再利用(影印)化学与工艺流程设计
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作者： （英）科尔-汉密尔顿（Cole-Hamilton,D.J.），（英）图兹（Tooze,R.P.） 编著
出 版 社： 科学出版社
出版时间： 2008-3-1字数： 315000版次： 1页数： 248印刷时间： 2008/03/01开本： 16开印次： 1纸张： 胶版纸I S B N ： 9787030211897包装： 精装内容简介
本书提出了新的办法来解决从均相催化中分离反应产物的难题。新流程涉及低浸出负载型催化剂，可溶性支持措施，如聚合物和树枝状大分子，不常用的溶剂，例如水，含氟有机物，离子液体和超临界流体。不同于其他书籍，除了所涉及的化学，本书着眼于流程的设计，并与现有流程进行了比较，并给出了实例。内容主要包括：新工艺分离的产品解决方案，含有均相催化剂；催化剂对不溶性或可溶性支持-固定床催化剂-连续流或超滤；双相系统：水-有机氟-有机液体，离子液体-有机液体，超临界流体（单相或双相与水，有机或离子液体）；对比当前的流程，涉及大气或低温蒸馏；考察化学与工艺设计；每种方案的利弊等。
本书可供催化化学专业研究生，化工、医药工业科研人员参考使用。
目录
CHAPTER 1HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS -ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS
1.1Catalysis
1.2Catalyst Stability
1.2.1THERMALLY INDUCED DECOMPOSITION
1.2.2CHEMICALLY INDUCED DECOMPOSITION
1.2.3PHYSICAL LOSS FROM THE PROCESS
1.3Layout of the Book
1.4References
CHAPTER 2CLASSICAL HOMOGENEOUS CATALYST SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY
2.1.1Coverage of Chapter
2.2General Process Considerations
2.3Everything is a Reactor
2.4Overview of Separation Technologies
2.4.1TRADITIONAL COBALT WITH CATALYST DECOMPOSITION
2.4.2UNION CARBIDE-DAVY GAS RECYCLE PROCESS
2.4.3LIQUID RECYCLE
2.4.4BIPHASIC SYSTEMS; WATER-ORGANIC
2.4.5INDUCED PHASE SEPARATION
2.4.6NON-AQUEOUS PHASE SEPARATION
2.4.6.1NAPS Using a Non-Polar Catalyst
2.4.6.2NAPS Using a Polar Catalyst
2.4.6.3Ligand Structure and Solubility Properties
2.5Hypothetical processes-How Might the Producthe Separated from the Catalyst?
2.5.1PROPENE HYDROFORMYLATION
2.5.21-OCTENE HYDROFORMYLATION
2.5.3ALLYL ALCOHOL
2.5.4METHOXYVINYLNAPHTHALENE
2.5.5SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY FOR LESS STABLE CATALYSTS
2.5.5.1Mitsubishi TPPO/TPP Separation
2.5.5.2Organic Po lymer for Catalyst Stabilization
2.6Real-World Complications
2.6.1ORGANOPHOSPHORUS LIGAND DEGRADATIONS
2.6.1.1Oxidation
2.6.1.2Alkyldiarylphosphine Formation
2.6.1.3Ligand Scrambling
2.6.1.4Phosphine Reactions with Conjugated Systems
2.6.1.5Phosphite Oxidation
2.6.1.6Simple Phosphite Hydrolysis
2.6.1.7Poisoning Phosphite Formation
2.6.1.8Aldehyde A cid Formation
2.6.1.9Acidity Control
2.6.2SEPARATING BYPRODUCTS FROM REACTANTS OR PRODUCTS
2.6.2.1Alkene Hydrogenation
2.6.2.2 Alkene Isomerization
2.6.2.3Aldehyde Dimerization and Trimerization
2.6.2.4Formation of Conjugated Carbonyls
2.6.3INTRINSIC CATALYST DEACTIVATION
2.7Further Separation Challenges.
2.7.1RECOVERY OF METAL VALUES FROM A SPENT CATALYST
2.7.1.1Catalyst Containment and Capture Technologies
2.8Concluding Remarks
2.9References
CHAPTER 3SUPPORTED CATALYSTS
Immobilisation of Tailor-made Homogeneous Catalysts
3.1Introduction
3.2Short Historical Overview
3.3Polystyrene Supported Catalysts
3.4Silica Supported Catalyst
3.5Catalysis in lnterphases
3.6Ordered Mesoporous Support
3.7Non-covalently Supported Catalysts
3.8Supported Aqueous Phase Catalysis
3.9Process Design [71]
3.10Concluding Remarks
3.11References
CHAPTER 4SEPARATION BY SIZE-EXCLUSION FILTRATION
Homogeneous Catalysts Applied in Membrane Reactors
4.1Introduction
4.2Reactors
4.2.1DEAD-END FILTRATION REACTORS
4.2.2CROSS-FLOW FILTRATION REACTORS
4.3Membranes
4.3.1CLASSIFICATION OF FILTRATION TYPES
4.3.2MEMBRANE MATERIALS
4.4Dendrimer Supported Catalysts
4.4.1KHARASCH ADDITION REACTION
4.4.2ALLYLIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS
4.4.3HYDROVINYLATION REACTION
4.4.4HYDROGENATION REACTION
4.4.5MICHAEL ADDITION REACTION
4.5Dendritic Effects
4.6Unmodified or Non-dendritic Catalysts
4.6.1HYDROGENATION
4.6.2PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS
4.7Soluble Polymer Supported Catalysts
4.8Concluding Remarks
4.9References
CHAPTER 5BIPHASIC SYSTEMS: WATER-ORGANIC
5.1Introduction
5.2Immobilization with the Help of Liquid Supports
5.2.1GENERAL
5.2.2BIPHASIC SYSTEMS
5.2.3AQUEOUS BIPHASIC CATALYSIS
5.2.3.1Water as a Solvent
5.2.3.2Aqueous-phase Catalysis as a Unit Operation
5.2.4EXAMPLES OF AQUEOUS BIPHASIC CATALYSIS
5.2.4.1Itydroformylation (Ruhrchemie/Rh6ne-Poulenc[RCH/RP] process)
5.2.4.2Other Industrially Used Aqueous-biphasic Processes
5.2.4.3Short Overview of Other Reaction
5.2.5OTHER PROPOSALS FOR WATER-BIPHASIC SYSTEMS
5.2.6INTERLUDE-BIPHASIC SYSTEMS: ORGANIC-ORGANIC
5.3Recycle and Recovery of Aqueous Catalysts
5.3.1RECYCLING
5.3.2RECOVERY
5.3.3ECONOMICS OF THE PROCESS
5.3.4ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
5.4Concluding Remarks
5.5References
CHAPTER 6FLUOROUS BIPHASIC CATALYSIS
6.1Introduction
6.2Alkene Hydrogenation
6.3Alkene Hydrosilation
6.4Alkene Hydroboration
6.5Alkene Hydroformylation
6.6Alkene Epoxidation
6.7Other Oxidation Reactions
6.8Allylic Alkylation
6.9Heck, Stille, Suzuki, Sonagashira and Related Coupling Reactions
6.10Asymmetric Alkylation of Aldehydes
6.11Miscellaneous Catalytic Reactions
6.12Fluorous Catalysis Without Fluorous Solvents
6.13Continuous Processing
6.14Process Synthesis for the Fluorous Biphasic Hydroformylation of 1-Octene
6.15Conclusions
6.16Acknowledgement
6.17References
CHAPTER 7CATALYST RECYCLING USING IONIC LIQUIDS
7.1Introduction
7.1.1INTRODUCTION T,O IONIC LIQUIDS
7.1.2INTRODUCTION TO TRANSITION METAL CATALYSIS IN IONIC LIQUIDS
7.1.3MULTIPHASIC CATALYSIS WITH IONIC LIQUIDS-ENGINEERING ASPECTS
7.2Liquid-liquid Biphasic, Rh-catalysed Hydroformylation Using Ionic Liquids
7.3Rhodium Catalysed Hydroformylation Using Supported Ionic Liquid Phase SILP) Catalysis
7.3.1SUPPORTED IONIC LIQUIDS BY CHEMICAL BONDS
7.3.2SUPPORTED IONIC LIQUIDS BY IMPREGNATION
7.4Costs And Economics
7.5Conclusions
7.6References
CHAPTER 8SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
Compressed Gases as Mobile Phase and Catalyst Support
8.1Introduction to supercritical fluids
8.2Applications of scCO2 in Catalyst Immobilisation
8.2.1CO2 AS THE ONLY MASS SEPARATING AGENT
8.2.2BIPHASIC SYSTEMS CONSISTING OF CO2 AND LIQUID PHASES
8.2.2.1Water as the Liquid Phase
8.2.2.2Poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) as the Liquid Phase
8.2.2.3lonic Liquids as the Liquid Phase
8.2.3BIPHASIC SYSTEMS CONSISTING OF COe AND SOLID PHASES
8.2.3.1Inorganic Supports
8.2.3.2Organic Polymer Supports
8.3Economic Evaluation and Summary
8.3.1POTENTIAL FOR SCALE-UP
8.4Summary
8.5References
CHAPTER 9AREAS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
9.1Introduction
9.2Conventional Separation Methods (See Chapter 2)
9.3Catalysts on Insoluble Supports (Chapter 3)
9.4Catalysts on Soluble Supports (Chapter 4)
9.5Aqueous Biphasic Catalysis (Chapter 5)
9.6Fluorous Biphasic Catalysis (Chapter 6)
9.7Reactions Involving Ionic Liquids (Chaoter 7)
9.8Reactions Using Supercritical Fluids (Chapter 8)
9.9Conclusions
9.10References
