Entangled systems : new directions in quantum physics纠缠系统：量子物理学新方法
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作者： Jürgen Audretsch
出 版 社：
出版时间： 2007-4-1字数：版次： 1页数： 338印刷时间： 2007/04/01开本： 16开印次： 1纸张： 胶版纸I S B N ： 9783527406845包装： 平装编辑推荐
作者简介：Jurgen Audretsch studied physics at the Universities of Tubingen and Freiburg, Germany. In 1980, he was appointed to a professorship in theoretical physics at the University of Konstanz, Germany, where he still teaches. While putting a focus on research in general relativity and the quantum field theory in the past, he now concentrates on quantum optics and the quantum information theory. Professor Audretsch has published numerous articles in scientific journals and edited books. He is also the author of several popular science books.
内容简介
An introductory textbook for advanced students of physics, chemistry and computer science, covering an area of physics that has lately witnessed rapid expansion. The topics treated here include quantum information, quantum communication, quantum computing, teleportation and hidden parameters, thus imparting not only a well-founded understanding of quantum theory as such, but also a solid basis of knowledge from which readers can follow the rapid development of the topic or delve deeper into a more specialized branch of research. Commented recommendations for further reading as well as end-of-chapter problems help the reader to quickly access the theoretical basics of future key technologies.
目录
Preface to the English Edition
Preface to the German Edition
1 The Mathematical Framework
1.1 Hilbert Vector Space
1.1.1 The Scalar Product and the Dirac Notation
1.1.2 Linear Operators on the Hilbert Space
1.1.3 Normal Operators and Spectral Decompositions
1.1.4 Hermitian Operators
1.1.5 Unitary Operators
1.1.6 Positive Operators and Projection Operators
1.2 Liouville Operator Space
1.2.1 Scalar Product
1.2.2 Superoperators
1.3 The Elements of Probability Theory
1.3.1 The Probability of Random Events
1.3.2 Conditional Probability and Bayes' Theorem
1.3.3 Random Quantities
1.4 Complementary Topics and Further Reading
1.5 Problems for Chapter 1
2 Basic Concepts of Quantum Theory
2.1 First Version of the Postulates (pure states of isolated quantum systems)
2.1.1 Introduction: the Scenario of Quantum Mechanics
2.1.2 Quantum States
2.1.3 Postulates for Pure States of isolated Quantum Systems
2.1.4 Comments on the Postulates
2.2 Outlook
2.3 Manipulation of the Evolution of the States by Projective Measurements
2.3.1 The Quantum Zeno Effect
2.3.2 Driving a State Vector by a Sequence of Projection Measurements
2.4 The Structure of Physical Theories
2.4.1 Structural Elements of a Physical Theory
2.4.2 Developed Reality
2.5 Interpretations of Quantum Theory and Physical Reality
2.5.1 The Minimal Interpretation
2.5.2 The Standard Interpretation
2.6 Complementary Topics and Further Reading
3 The Simplest Quantum Systems: Qubits
3.1 Pauli Operators
3.2 Visualisation of Qubits on the Bloch Sphere
3.3 Visualisation of the Measurement Dynamics and the Unitary Dynamics
3.4 Quantum Gates for Single Qubit Systems
3.5 Spin1/2
3.6 Photon Polarisations
3.7 Single Photons in a Beam Splitter and in an Interferometer
3.7.1 Beam Splitters
3.7.2 Interferometer
3.8 Locating a Bomb Without Exploding It by Using a Null Measurement
3.9 Complementary Topics and Further Reading
3.10 Problems for Chapter 3
4 Mixed States and the Density Operator
4.1 Density Operators for a Given Ensemble (Statistical Mixture)
4.1.1 Pure States
4.1.2 The Physics of Statistical Mixtures (Blends)
4.1.3 Definition and Properties of the Generalised Density Operator
4.1.4 Incoherent Superpositions of Pure States
4.2 The Generalised Quantum State
4.3 Different Ensemble Decompositions of a Density Operator and the Ignorance
Interpretation
4.4 Density Operators of Qubits
4.5 Complementary Topics and Further Reading
4.6 Problems for Chapter 4
5 Shannon's Entropy and Classical Information
5.1 Definition and Properties
5.2 Shannon's Theorem
5.2.1 Typical Sequences
5.2.2 Classical Data Compression
5.3 Classical Information
5.4 Classical Relative Entropy
5.5 Mutual Information as a Measure of the Correlation between Two Messages
5.5.1 Mutual Information
5.5.2 Conditional Entropy
5.6 Complementary Topics and Further Reading
5.7 Problems for Chapter 5
……
6 The von Neumann Entropy and Quantum and Quantum Information
7 Composite Systems
8 Entanglement
9 Correlations and Non-Local Measurements
10 There is no (Local-Realistic)Altermative to Quantum Theory
11 Working with Entanglement
12 The Quantum Computer
13 Generalised Measurements,POVM
14 The General Evolution of an Open Quantum System and Special Quantum Channels
15 Decoherence and Approaches to the Description of the Quamtum Measurement Process
16 Two Implementations of Quantum Operations
References
Subject Index
